Month: September 2020

Course on Rethinking International Tax Law by Universiteit Leiden [6 Weeks, Online]: Enroll Now

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About the Course

In recent years, the international tax planning strategies of multinationals have become a source of – often heated – debate. This course provides learners with the tools to become fully informed participants in the debate by explaining the foundations and practice of international tax law as well as addressing current developments and the ethical aspects of tax planning.

Skills you will Gain

  • Tax Planning
  • International Taxation
  • Transfer Pricing
  • Base Erosion And Profit Shifting (BEPS)

Syllabus

  • International tax planning – base case
  • Design of corporate tax law systems
  • Principles of international taxation & tax treaties
  • Transfer pricing
  • European Union law & fiscal state aid
  • Tax planning & ethical dimensions

Instructor

Prof. Dr. Sjoerd Douma Faculty of Law International Tax Center

CLICK HERE TO REGISTER.

AmicusX’s Webinar on Freedom of Speech and Expression in Today’s India [Sep 26, 3 PM]: Register Now!

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About AmicusX

AmicusX is an online platform that reflects the evolving dynamics of legal education. This website is the result of the enthusiasm of a group of law students, lawyers and laymen, who have come together to decode and cognize the multi-faceted understanding of the law.

About the Webinar

Amidst all negativities of the raging global pandemic, it has also provided ample opportunities for enthusiasts to learn and discuss. At a time like this, when most of us are trying to “work from home”, three charismatic lawyers have managed to take some time out to speak at our webinar on “Freedom of Speech and Expression in today’s India”.

The erudite panel of speakers will enrich the webinar with their captivating insights into the topic, along with a Q/A session at the end of the webinar. This is the first webinar organized by AmicusX.

Details about the Webinar

Date & Time of Webinar: 26th September 2020 at 15:00 Hours

Duration of Webinar: One hour of speaking time and fifteen minutes of Q/A Session in the end.

The topic of Webinar: Freedom of Speech and Expression in today’s India

The Hon’ble Panel of Speakers: Mr. Somdutta Bhattacharyya, Mr. Shayak Chakraborty, Mr. Satyaki Mitra

Registration Fee

No registration fee.

Eligibility

Anybody can register for the session. However, registrations will be taken on a rolling basis.

Registration Link

CLICK HERE TO REGISTER.

E-Certificate will be provided to all those who attend the session. The certificates will be undersigned by our erudite panel of speakers.

Contact Information

For any query, e-mail us at info.amicusx[at]gmail.com, or you can call us at +91 7908471116.

CfP: International Journal of Research and Analysis [Vol 6 Issue 1]: Publication Fee Rs. 1400; Submit by Oct 30

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The International Journal of Research and Analysis is delighted to announce a call for papers for its Volume 6 Issue 1 [ISSN 2347-3185], which will focus on contemporary issues in the field of law.

Paper Submission Procedure

Authors may submit papers directly on the website under ‘Submit Article’ link where further details regarding the submission procedure is available and mandatorily all authors are required to submit article to submit@ijra.in.

Format

The authors are duly expected to follow the prescribed format:

  1. The author/s shall submit the article on an A4 size paper length
  1. The words limit for article shall be 3000-4000 words, book reviews: 1000-1500 words, short comment: 2000-2500 words.
  2. The submission shall be in MS Word format strictly and not in any other format.
  3. The font shall be in Times New Roman of font size 12, with spacing of 1.5. The footnotes to be in Times New Roman of font size 10. End notes are not to be used. Author’s designation should be mentioned in footnote number 1.
  4. Citation Mode – A uniform method of citation is accepted.
  5. Each article should be accompanied with an Abstract, explaining the aims and object of the paper.
  6. All articles submitted will be checked for plagiarism. The authors are strictly expected to acknowledge the references made use of.
  7. Co-authorship will be allowed to a maximum of two authors and two separate certificates shall be issued.

Publication and Processing fee

INR 1400/- for Single Author

INR 1800/- for Co-Authorship

The authors are kindly expected to deposit processing and publication fee, once the research paper is accepted for publication. The mode of payment will be intimated to the author/s via email.

All authors will be issued certificate of publication in soft copy as well as hard copy. The fee includes a Certificate of Publication to the author/s through speed post/courier.

Important Dates

Submission Deadline: 30th October 2020.

Date of Publication of Volume 6 Issue 1: 9th November 2020.

Intimation of Acceptance: 5 days from the date of submission.

CLICK HERE FOR THE OFFICIAL PAGE.

CPAProject Panel Discussion on Policing During Lockdown [Sep 26, 4.30 PM]: Register Now!

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About CPAProject

The Criminal Justice and Police Accountability Project (CPAProject) is an intervention focused on the criminalization of certain communities by the Police, the criminal justice system and on decarceration.

The project is a litigation-research based intervention based in Bhopal, working in specific locations, and with particular communities across the State of Madhya Pradesh. The communities include those previously officially criminalized under colonial laws, now classified as Denotified Tribal (DNT) Communities as well as other communities that are similarly persecuted by the criminal justice system.

About the Discussion

The CPAProject is organizing a panel discussion on the theme:

Policing During the Lockdown: Of Discretion, Violence and Systemic Marginalization in our Criminal Justice System

The project aims to highlight the use of criminal law resulting in the ill-treatment of incapacitated communities through the report, ‘Countermapping Pandemic Policing: Sanctioned Violence in Madhya Pradesh’.

Panelists

  • Advocate Nithya Ramakrishnan
  • Advocate Disha Wadekar
  • Data Researcher Srinivas Kodali

Journalist

Journalist Sukanya Shantha

Date and Time

Date: September 26, 2020

Time: 4:30 PM

Registration

Click here to register.

Warrant and Summons

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This article has written by Khan Mahe. Picture credits to crlreview.in

Warrant

It is a written order provided by a judicial officer or other empowered person ordering a law implementation officer to perform some act for the administration of justice, hence A warrant is indispensable if an arrest is to be demonstrated legal, except in circumstances during which arrest without warrant is recognized by law or statute

However, warrants are recognized unrelated as per the variability of purposes within the law. The one that ignores the looks in court is additionally brought by issuing the Warrant. Mainly, police issue warrants because the basis to arrest a suspect and to conduct an enquiry of property for evidence of a criminal offense .

Types of Warrants

Arrest Warrant:

A bench warrant may be a warrant issued by a magistrate who guides the arrest and detention of a person ,or the search and seizure of an individual’s property and bench warrant is further divided into bailable bench warrant and a non- bailable bench warrant .

Bailable bench warrant – 

The Warrant which is executed by a policeman,after the conviction ,the individual arrested are often released by such bail which may be bond or cash as per the warrant.

Non Bailable warrant –

Warrant, where executing policeman can do but nothing and may remand the accused to police headquarters and produce the concerned accused before a court who issued the warrant will then either recall the warrant with fine or send the accused to judicial custody and order the accused to travel to court and apply for normal bail.

Bench Warrant: 

The term “bench” springs from the normal meaning for the judge’s seat, arrest warrant which is ordered by a judge against the criminal or any similar proceedings is understood as an arrest warrant . it’s issued when one cannot appear before the court.

In severe criminal cases, when there’s failure to which results in a “regular” bench warrant , which might drive immediate attempts to locate an accused. An  arrest warrant however ,does not mean that the police are going to be at the door of the defendant  subsequently morning. Thus, the name of the accused are going to be communicated into a statewide computing system that sometimes serves the whole enforcement center.

Difference between Arrest Warrant and Bench Warrant

Arrest Warrant is usually where the police are expected to accumulate an bench warrant , matter by a judge supported evidence , before taking an individual into custody. There are, however, exceptions to the present general rule which allows police to guide warrantless arrests.

Bench Warrant: A judge issues an arrest warrant when an individual cannot appear in court. it’s not at the request of the police. it’s supported the court’s jurisdiction over individuals to need their appearance in court.

Search Warrant: it’s an order issued by a magistrate or judge to authorize law officers to look for an individual , his vehicle or location, to urge evidence for a criminal offense and to seize any evidence if found. In some countries, an enquiry warrant can’t be issued within the civil proceedings.

Summons

A summons may be a legal notice to a suit. it’s the primary official notice that the opposite party receives to notify him or her that he or she is being sued by some party or person , 

In some cases, the summons may specify a selected court date Usually , an individual is served with a summons, it Gen6 requires that an independent process server provide the defendant with the complaint ,In simple terms The court calls or notify the party or person concerned at specific court , as an example If you sue someone, you want to serve them with a Summons. Which provides them notice of the lawsuit. “Service of process” is that the formal name for giving a defendant a Summons to return to court 

Section 61 of criminal procedure code ,1973 says every summon issued by the court 

* In writing

* In duplicate form

* Signed and sealed by the leader of the court

* It should mention the time and place of the rule directed and shall bear the seal of the court

Section 62 of The Code of Criminal Procedure,1973 defines the one that can serve are as follows :

* policeman 

* By a politician , subject to such rules because the State Govt. may prescribe.

* The court may allow summons to be served personally by delivering or tendering to him one among the duplicates of the summons if any request is formed by complainant or accused. Personally by delivering or tendering to him one among the duplicates of the summons if any request is formed by complainant or accused.

Modes of Summons

A) By personal service

B) Under Section 63 _By Service on corporate bodies and societies under 

C) Under Section 64 _By Service when person summoned can’t be found 

D) Under Section 66 _ By Service on Government servant 

E) Under Section 67 _By Service of summons outside local limits 

Difference between Warrant and Summon

1) During a case whereas warrant is authorization by judge or magistrate to a policeman to authorize him to perform an act 

2) Summon usually orders the defendant to seem within the court or to supply a document or thing before the court on the opposite hand under warrant the officer can arrest the accused and produce before the judge within the court.

3) Summon is however are often addressed to witness and the other person involved within the case and warrant is for cops not accused 

4) The person can withdraw the complaint in summons however during a warrant case, the complainant cannot withdraw the complaint.

5) Lastly , a magistrate can convert a summon case into a warrant , but warrant cannot altered and altered 

Conclusion

Warrant and summon serve an equivalent purpose as both order an individual charged with a criminal or traffic offense  within the court before the judge. Though both are issued with an equivalent purpose, they’re different from one another .

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CALL FOR PAPERS: International Journal of Research and Analysis

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VOLUME 6 ISSUE 1

International Journal of Research and Analysis is delighted to announce a call for papers for its Volume 6 Issue 1, which will focus on current issues in the field of law. Students-UG, PG, Research Scholars, Faculties, Advocates and Legal Fraternities are most welcome to submit papers and participate.

Paper Submission Procedure

Authors ought to submit papers directly on the website under ‘Submit Article’ link; http://ijra.in/SubmitArticle.aspx where further details regarding the submission procedure is available and mandatorily all authors are required to submit article to submit@ijra.in

Format

The authors are duly expected to follow the prescribed format:

  • The author/s shall submit the article on a A4 size paper length
  • The word limit for article shall be 3000-4000 words, book reviews: 1000-1500 words, short comment: 2000-2500 words.
  • The submission shall be in MS Word format strictly and NOT in any other format.
  • The font shall be in Times New Roman of font size 12, with spacing of 1.5. The footnotes to be in Times New Roman of font size 10. End notes are NOT to be used. Author’s designation should be mentioned in footnote number 1.
  • Citation Mode – A uniform method of citation is accepted.
  • Each article should be accompanied with an Abstract, explaining the aims and object of the paper.
  • All articles submitted will be checked for plagiarism. The authors are strictly expected to acknowledge the references made use of.
  • Co-authorship will be allowed to a maximum of two authors and separate certificates shall be issued to each author.

REGISTRATION AND PUBLICATION FEE

SINGLE AUTHOR1400 INR
CO-AUTHORS-(2 Authors)1800 INR

***All authors will be issued certificate of publication in soft copy as well as hard copy

Submission Deadline: 30th October 2020.

Intimation of Acceptance: 5 days from the date of submission.

Date of Publication of Volume 6 Issue 1: 9th November 2020.

*Website: http://ijra.in/Default.aspx

All queries should be addressed to enquiry@ijra.in

NorthCap University presents 6th Edition of The National Client Consultation Competition from 9th-10th Oct, 2020, Register by: 3rd Oct

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About School of Law, NorthCap University

The vision of School of Law is to be ranked amongst the best law schools of India and the most preferred private university destination for law aspirants. School of Law at The NorthCap University provides the highest quality of professional legal education to equip the students for a transnational practice and to face the challenges posed by the internationalization of the legal profession.

The School has continually strived to achieve excellence in legal education through interactive teaching-learning process, clinical opportunities, exposures to the legalprofession  through internships and externships, industry ready curricula and innumerable opportunities to interact with the stalwarts in the legal profession. 

About the Competition

TOPIC: This 6th Edition of Competition is being organized under aegis of The NorthCap University, School of Law. The stage is set for the 6th Edition of The National Client Consultation Competition.

DATES: Event Date: 9th-10th October 2020; Last Date of Registration- 3rd October 2020.

Eligibility

Only Law Colleges/Universities recognized by the Bar Council of India are eligible to participate. ● Only bonafide students pursuing LL.B. Three Year/Five Year Degree programmes in aforementioned institutions, during the current academic year are eligible to participate. ● There can be a maximum 3 Teams from one university/college. 

Registrations

● Each team shall consist of only TWO participants. 

● Registration Link : http://bit.ly/nccc-ncu2020

● Registration is on a first come first serve basis and it’s open to first 50 teams.

● Teams/Participants are required to duly fill the Registration Google Form (link given 

above) along with the Registration Fees of Rs.1500/- via online payment on or before the last date of registration i.e,3rd October 2020. 

The NEFT transaction detail are as follows : 

● Name of the Institution : The NorthCap University 

● Name of the Bank : Syndicate Bank 

● Branch : NCU, Sector 23-A, Gurgaon

● Account No. : 82472010013980

   IFSC : SYNB0008247 

Awards

● Winner – Cash Prize upto Rs 10,000 and Certificates 

● Runner up – Cash Prize upto Rs. 5,000 and Certificates. 

● Participants – Participation Certificates.

Contact Details 

Student Media and Communication Head

Priyanshi Sharda

Mobile: +91-9887254912

Nikky Jha

Mobile: +91-9611948987

Email id – nccc2020@ncuindia.edu

Faculty Convenors: 

Ms. Pallavi Bajpai 

Asst. Professor (Senior 

Email id – pallavibajpai@ncuindia.edu

Ms. Deborisha Dutta

Asst. Professor 

Email id – deborishadutta@ncuindia.edu

Mr. Himangshu Rathee

Asst. Professor

Email id – himangshurathee@ncuindia.edu 

Delhi High Court Sets Aside Interim Stay On Book Written On Asaram Bapu.

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The Delhi High Court Tuesday set aside an interim stay on the publication of a book on self-styled preacher Asaram Bapu—“Gunning for the God man: The True Story Behind Asaram’s Conviction.” In April 2018, Asaram was sentenced to life imprisonment in the 2013 case of sexual assault on a minor.

Justice Najmi Waziri said the trial courts order granting ex-parte injunction and staying release of the book on the eve of its launch is set aside. The high court which was of the view that no case made out to grant ex-parte injunction, said it would be against free speech to debar discussions. The high court passed the order on a plea by publisher Harper Collins seeking vacations of the interim stay on the publication and distribution of the book granted by the trial court on the suit by woman co-convict Sanchita Gupta alias Shilpi. The high court directed that the already printed copies of the book be sold along with disclaimer attached as flyer in the book that it is based on the judgment of a trial court against which an appeal is pending in the Rajasthan High Court.

The disclaimer should be attached either inside of the front cover or back cover, it said, adding that for online sale, the disclaimer should be given electronically. The publisher approached the high court challenging the trial court’s September 4 ex-parte interim injunction order restraining the publication of the book. It said the stay should be vacated.

Senior Advocate Kapil Sibal, appearing for the publisher, had said “This is very serious. All the books have already been distributed to the distributors. It has become a trend in the last few years that they move court on the eve of release of a book and get an ex-parte stay”. He said that the plaintiff woman has not come to court with clean hands and she had not annexed a copy of the judgment in the rape case before the trial court which could have then seen whether objections raised by her have any basis in the law.

He said the book was written on the basis of the record of the case and it was a story of an investigating officer of the case, based on the evidence recorded during the trial and the God-man along with the plaintiff was convicted. However, the counsel for the woman opposed the appeal saying he contents of the book were not found in record and if it is allowed to be published, it will cause her irreparable loss.

Senior Advocate Devdutt Kamat, appearing for the woman, had said there was defamatory material published in the book. Amazon and Flip kart were deleted as parties after they submitted that they were not necessary parties to the case and they will abide by the courts order to be passed in the suit. The book is authorized by Ajay Lamba, Additional Commissioner of Police, Jaipur and Sanjiv Mathur, and was scheduled to be released on September 5. On September 4, an additional district judge had stayed the publication of the book on the ground that the appeal against the conviction in the rape case was sub-judice before the Rajasthan High court.

In April 2018, Asaram was sentenced to life term in the 2013 case of rape of a minor girl. Co-convict Sharatchandra and Sanchita alias Shilpi were sentenced to 20 years in prison and co-accused Shiva and Prakash were acquitted. In the suit, Sanchita had argued that allowing the publications of the book would prejudice her appeal and run counter to her rights under Article 21 of the constitution. It was claimed that the book was a one-sided narration of events and did not even follow the trial record.

The Apex Court Quashes The Plea Against The Maharashtra High Power Committee’s Categorization Of Prisoners For Temporary Release Due To Covid-19.

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INTRODUCTION

The Supreme Court on Tuesday dismissed the petitioner’s plea challenging the decision of the High Power Committee (HPC) in Maharashtra to categorize the prisoners who will be released on emergency parole. The bench consisted Chief Justice S.A Bobde, Justice A.S. Bopanna, and V. Ramasubramanian.

The PIL was filed by the petitioners seeking quashing the decision of the HPC dated 25.03.2020 to the extent of Clause (iii), (iv) and (vii). The High Court on making a detailed consideration arrived at the conclusion that the decision of HPC did not call for interference except to the extent of the observations that were made in paragraph 36 of the order. The petitioners, therefore, claimed to be aggrieved reached the Apex Court.

The Committee classified the inmates of the prisons, broadly into three categories, viz (i) undertrial prisoners/convicted persons who are facing trial or convicted to the maximum punishment of 7 years or less, (ii) the convicted persons whose sentence is above 7 years and (iii) the undertrial prisoners or convicted persons who are booked for serious economic offences/ bank scams and offences under Special Acts such as MCOC, PMLA, MPID, NDPS, UAPA etc. One of the clauses stipulated that the convicted prisoners whose maximum sentence is above 7 years shall on their application be appropriately considered for release on emergency parole, if the convict has returned to prison on emergency parole, if the convict has returned to prison on time on last two releases( whether on parole or furlough).

Key Highlights

  • Case name: National Alliance for People’s Movement v. State of Maharashtra
  • Case no. SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (CRL) NO. 4116 OF 2020
  • The PIL was filed by National Alliance for People’s Movement and its convener activist Medha Patkar.

Court’s Decision

  • The Court observed that the categorization by HPC cannot be considered as unreasonable and the exclusion made had a reasonable basis and cannot be termed as arbitrary. The Court said that the methodology for grant of the interim bail is with the view of decongesting of the prisons, to avoid overcrowding in the unprecedented circumstance and the grant of bail in the present circumstance is an additional benefit to such persons.
  • The Court further added that exclusion of certain categories by the HPC is with a view to deny the benefit to certain category of jail inmates who are charged with serious offences which has an adverse effect on the society at large though the length of the punishment that can be imposed be lesser. Such of those persons charged under the special enactments or convicted for a period, more than 7 years in any event if they are not otherwise disentitled to bail in a normal circumstance could still seek for bail in accordance with law and cannot treat the pandemic as fortuitous circumstance to secure bail to which they were otherwise not entitled to in law by claiming equal treatment.
  • The Court noted of the factual position that on 24.07.2020, 10338 prisoners were released on interim bail/parole and presently 26,279 prisoners are in prison. Since, it was contended on behalf of the petitioners that the official capacity was only 23,217, the State Government indicated that temporary prisons have been set up in 36 locations and about 2597 prisoners are occupying the same as of now and more will be shifted to avoid overcrowding in the existing prisons, which indicates that appropriate steps are being taken to achieve the object. While dismissing the SLP, Court further stated:

“In circumstances where there is any individuous discrimination amongst the prisoners in same category and similarly placed, it would be open for the competent court to examine the same to that limited extent when grievance is raised by the person who is denied the benefit if he/she is entitled to such benefit”.

Discuss the following provisions:

Discuss the provision of PIL.

Discuss the provision of Special Leave Petition

READ THE FULL NEWS HERE…..

Delhi’s Fearless Girl- Nirbhaya

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This article has been written by Yash Mittal, pursuing LLB 1 year from Mewar Law Institute. This article consists of the brief history of the most distressing case of gang rape which happened in Delhi followed by the timeline, mass protest, amendments in laws and affects.

On the dark night of 16 December 2012 in Munrika, a 23-year-old girl Jyoti a physiotherapy intern was brutally beaten, gang-raped in a bus. Her friend Awindra Pratap Pandey was also traveling with her on the bus.

A private white bus with yellow and green strips and written Yadav on the bus came to the bus stop at munrika and a young boy who was acting as a bus conductor shouting for passengers going towards Dwarka and Palam mod.

The victim and her friend were going back to their homes after watching the movie ‘Life of Pi’.

On the bus there are 6 other people who were traveling including the driver, all of them raped the girl and assaulted her and her friend.

The victim friend was beaten by an iron rod and after the assault and gang rape, both of them were thrown out of the bus. The victim and her friend were thrown naked on the road and a person who was passing saw them and informed the Delhi Police.

She suffered serious injuries to her intestines, abdomen, and genitals and doctors said that it was due to the penetration. One of the juveniles inserted the L-shaped iron rod into the private part of the victim and the victim also fought back by biting three of the attackers.

Police reached the victim and immediately they were admitted to the Safdarjung Hospital and was immediately taken into ICU. One of the accused admitted that he had seen the rope-like object coming out of the women, later it was described by the doctor that it was her intestine and only 5% of the intestine left inside her body.

It was decided by the doctors that for the better treatment of Nirbhaya  they had to shift her to Singapore’s Mount Elizabeth Hospital. In six-hour flight by Air Ambulance, she suddenly got a cardiac arrest and on 29 December she wass very critical and she died.

The victim said to the doctors that she wants to live and wants the justice against the 6 attackers namely- Ram Singh, Mukesh singh, Akshay Thakur, Pawan gupta, Vinay sharma and juvenile.

A BBC documentary titled India’s Daughter based on the attack was broadcast in the UK on 4 March 2015.Since Indian law does not allow the press to publish a rape victim’s name, the victim was widely known as Nirbhaya, meaning “fearless”.

Timeline

1) December 16,2012- A 23 year old girl is raped by six men on a moving bus

2) January 3,2013- Delhi Police filed charge sheet against five accused for offence including murder, attempt to murder, kidnapping, gang rape, unnatural sex, and dacoity.

3) March 11, 2013- Ram Singh bus driver found hanging in Tihar jail.

4) August 2013- JJB convicts the juvenile for gang rape and murder and awards a three-year term at a probation home.

5) March 13, 2014- Delhi High Court upholds the death sentence to the four convicts.

6) July 9, 2018- The top court rejects the review petition filed by Sharma, gupta, and Singh.

7) January 7, 2020- A Delhi court issued a death warrant against all four convicts for their hanging on January 22.

8) January 17, 2020- Court issue fresh death for execution on February 1.

9) March 5, 2020- Delhi court issue a fresh death warrant for March 20 at 5:30 a.m.

The 3rd death warrant issued by the court and 2 earlier warrants were not carried out because convicts took all the legal options available to them. The authorities informed that the 3 convicts out of 4 have used all the legal options available to them.

Akshay Singh is the one who was left to file the petition, which was later the President refused. One of the convicts of Nirbhaya  case Akshay Singh’s wife had filed for divorce and faints outside the patiala court and said that she and her minor son should be hanged too.

Amendment in Laws

Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 was passed by Lok sabha on 19 March 2013,and by the Rajya sabha on 21 March 2013,which provides for amendment of Indian penal code (IPC), Indian evidence act and code of criminal procedure, 1973 on laws related to sexual offences. It came into force on 3 April, 2013.

This new act has recognised certain acts as offences which are dealt under related laws. Offences like acid attack (Section 326A), Sexual harassment (section 354A), Voyeurism (section 354C), Stalking (Section 354D) included in the Indian penal code.

The definition of Rape had also been charged under the Indian penal code Section 375. The definition is broadly worded with acts like penetration of the penis into the vagina, urethra, anus or mouth; or any object or any part of the body to any extent, into the vagina, urethra, or anus of another woman or making another person do so; to apply mouth or touching private parts constitutes the offense of sexual assault.

Other Amendments

Nirbhaya  fund – It was announced by the finance minister in his 2013 budget speech with a government contribution of ₹1000 crores for empowerment, security, and safety of women and a girl child. This fund is expected to support initiatives by the government and NGOs working towards protecting the dignity of women in India.

Mass Protests

People around the world were disheartened by the news of Nirbhaya , they want justice for her. Public protests took place in New Delhi and several other parts of the country. Protest in India Gate, Parliament of India, and the residence of the president of India. Thousand of people gathered and supported Nirbhaya  and demands justice.

Protesters clashed with police and battled with raped action forces. Police used lathi-charge, water cannon, tear gases, and arrest people to disperse the huge crowd. Many people and women organizations marched in several parts of the country.

Protest were not seen on the streets only but also occured in the social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter. Celebrities and manu famous personalities also supported Nirbhaya  by using hastags like #justiceforNirbhaya  and with whatsApp users replacing their profile images with black dot symbol.

Police stated that peaceful protests had been hijacked by political activists and hooligans.

Conclusion

Rape is the most common crime against women in India. Even after the Nirbhaya  case the crime against women has increased.

According to the 2018 annual reports of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) 33,356 cases were reported across the country on an average of 91 rapes daily. In metropolitan cities, the national capital of Delhi continued to have the highest number of rape cases.

One rape was reported every 15 minutes in India. And the actual results were more horrifying because most of the cases were not reported. Cases remain unreported because women suffer humiliation from society and from their family itself.

Rape convicts commit the offense because there is no fear in the eyes of the accused. Some countries had better punishment for rape.

1) China – Death sentence or castration

2) Saudi Arabia – Beheading within days.

3) North Korea – Death by firing squad.

4) Afghanistan – Shot in the head or hanged to death.

5) USA – Imprisonment for life.

Strong judicial reforms need to be implemented for creating fear. Even after having fast track courts, the Nirbhaya  case took 8 years, maximum punishment should be awarded and juveniles should not be free, juveniles should also be awarded the same punishment.

“Justice delayed is justice denied”

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