September 2020 - Page 10 of 22

This article is written by Shruti Kulshrestha, a student of New Law College, BVDU, Pune.

INTRODUCTION

National Economic Policy 2020 was a welcoming decision amid all the negativities going across the world in 2020. The announcement was a surprise for several people. The changes were something that was not expected by educational experts. The NEP policy has impacted both the schools and colleges equally. The national economic policy 2020 has once again taught us the importance of teachers and inspires students to choose the teaching profession even more. Several steps are being taken to uplift the status of schools and colleges like scholarships, decent and pleasant conditions, housing etc. The policy is aimed to provide a higher and appropriate level of education so that everyone can be benefitted from it. The policy was introduced by the Ministry of Education to meet the requirements of the 21st century.

Changes brought through NEP 2020

From 10+2 to 5+3+3+4: Present 10+2 structure in which policy covered schooling from Class 1 to 10 and then Class 11-12 gives way to 5 years of primary education, 3 of preparatory, 3 of middle and 4 years of secondary schooling
Multi-Stream: Now the students in the school will have the flexibility to choose subjects across science, commerce and humanities; all subjects to be made available at two levels of proficiency.
Diluted Board: Board exams to test only basic capabilities; could become modular and will be offered twice a year.
Multilingual: 3 language policy will be there with preference given to local language medium of instruction till class 8.
Bag-Less Days: School students to have 10 bag-less days in a year during which they will be exposed to an informal internship of their choice.
SAT-like College Test: The National Testing Agency to conduct a common college entrance exam twice a year.
4-year Bachelor: 4-year multi-disciplinary bachelor’s program to be made available; the mid-term dropouts will be given credit with the option to finish degree after a period of the desired break.
No Affiliation: The next 15years colleges will be provided with graded autonomy to grant degrees, connection with universities to end, and also deemed university status,
Free Cap: Proposal to cap fee opportunity taken by private institutions of higher knowledge.
Going Global: Top global universities to be asked to come to India, the top Indian Institutions to be inspired to go global.

Features of NEP 2020

Self-reliant India: This policy is incorporated in such a way that it will help the education system to solve its problems on its own. Skill education is given prime importance, it will be inflicted on students from pre-school to class 12^th and it will help to empower students in at least one vocational skill.
Sustainable development goals: UN has given 17 sustainable development tools with SDG4. This will include activities for societies and will give a social cohesive atmosphere in schools. The aim is to prepare students to think and adopt eco-friendly lifestyle since the primary level of schooling. The development of an individual is not only limited to specific fields but to extend their education to climate, culture, values and environmental awareness.
Education as an economy booster: GDP OF 6% is to be invested in education to promote and uplift cultural heritage, increase GER in education, creating youth who will help build the nation and boost the national economy. The changes in policy will lead the students to be more productive; more focused and will ultimately contribute to high economy rate.
Internationalization of Higher Education: Internationalism of Higher education has been added for the first time in the policy of India. It aims to make India an education hub thereby attracting more foreign universities and promote research collaborations and student exchange between India and global institutions. This will help India to come across the foreign education system and how different people have a perspective towards education. It will give a boost to international business not only in education but also in support services and other sectors.
Digitalized pedagogy and classrooms: The current situation of Covid-19 has raised the need for digital India even more; the section talks about the creation of digital libraries, content, pedagogy and classrooms, online teaching and how e-education should be used to give a boost to the education system and make India digitally empowered society and knowledge economy.
Equipping teachers with the latest technology and education methodology: There are several provisions that are introduced specifically for the training of teachers in school and higher education. The aim is to train them through digital technology. It even has high incentives for professionals to attract the finest talents to the industry. It also includes several courses in education via B.ED and compulsory certified education in teaching during Ph.D. enrolment for aspiring professors. They need to be given knowledge on the methodology and ways of knowledge transfer so that even students can be equally benefitted.

Conclusion

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is a policy which tends to make education system more holistic, flexible, multidisciplinary and according to the needs of 21^st century. The intention of the policy seems to be ideal for the welfare of the economy but its success and growth ultimately lies on how it gets implemented.

References

Ministry of Human Resource Development
Indian Express.com
The Hindu newspaper
NDTV
The Times of India

Latest Posts

Archives

INTRODUCTION

On Thursday, the Supreme Court bench consisting Justice Ashok Bhushan, R. Shubhash Reddy, and M.R. Shah, heard an appeal filed against the judgement of the High Court of Madhya Pradesh at Indore dated 10.06.2020 by which the writ petition filed by the appellant challenging the notice issued by the appellant challenging the notice dated 04.06.2020 issued by Additional Tehsildar, District Indore as well as notice dated 04.06.2020 issued by Building officer, Zone no. 09, Municipal Corporation Indore has been dismissed.

Shri Kapil Sibal, learned senior Counsel appeared for the appellant whereas Shri Tushar Mehta, Learned Solicitor General appeared on the behalf of the State. Shri Purushaindra Kaurav, learned Advocate General, appeared for Municipal Corporation, Indore.

Appellant’s Contentions

Shri Kapil Sibal claims the order of the Addl. Tehsildar for the recovery of amount of Rs.8, 80, 9725/- as unjustified as the appellant after purchasing the property, deposited the amount of deficit stamp duty as well as postdated cheques covering the amount of the penalty of Rs. 12, 80, 97,025/- by letter dated 20.11.2019, accepted by the Collector Stamps and letter dated 23.11.2019, and hence, no stamp duty outstanding. It was submitted that by the date on which Addl. Tehsildar issued the notice out of above said cheques, two cheques of Rs. 2 crores each had already been encashed by the State Government.

Shri Kapil Sibal further claimed the action taken for cancelling the building permission as unjustified as the amount of penalty was duly submitted by the appellant and was accepted by the collector of Stamps. He further submitted that orders of Municipal corporation inspite of the stay order imposed by the Court on the auction proceeding by Municipal Corporation, as illegal and malafide. He submitted that the property was purchased by the appellant by registered sale deed dated 23.11.2019 and there is no question of Corporation or anyone else claiming any title in the property, and no determination of title was pending in any Court of law.

Hence, he submitted that subsequent letters and actions taken by the Corporation as well as by the State authorities are only with the intent to harass the appellant and all actions are beyond their jurisdiction and deserve to be set aside by accepting the IAs filed by the appellant.

Respondent’s Contention

Shri Tushar Mehta, submitted that there was no error committed by the Addl. Tehsildar in issuing the order of recovery as the amount of penalty was outstanding, as there is no procedure or provision for accepting the amount of penalty by the postdated cheques as it claimed by the appellant. And the amount of penalty being outstanding against the property, mutation in the name of the appellant against the property as well as building permission has rightly been rejected. He further submitted that subsequent actions including the notices and orders brought by the appellant by IA No. 72517 of 2020 are all actions which has no relation to issues which have been raised in this appeal.
Shri Purushaindra Kaurav, submitted that notices and actions taken by the Corporation and other authorities subsequent to the decision of the writ petition cannot be made subject matter of challenge in this appeal, remedy of the appellant if any is elsewhere. He supported the order of the Municipal Corporation by which building permission earlier granted has been cancelled.

Key Highlights

Case name: M/S. MSD REAL ESTATE LLP v. THE COLLECTOR OF STAMPS & ANR.
This was Civil Appeal No. 3194 of 2020 arising out of SLP(C) No. 7990 of 2020.
The Supreme Court was exercising its Civil Appellate Jurisdiction.

Court’s Judgement

The Court observed that the High Court has rightly not with the order dated 04.06.2020 issued by the Addl. Tehsildar demanding an amount of Rs. 8, 80, 97,025/- which was outstanding on the above date, as postdated cheques cannot be approved as the facility to deposit the penalty.
The order of Collector of Stamps dated 22.09.2008 was modified to the extent that penalty imposed of ten times of Rs. 12, 80, 97,000/- was modified into five times the penalty i.e. Rs.6, 40, 48,500/-, and the appeals partly allowed to the above context. All the parties are to act in accordance with the said judgement.

In view the building permission being cancelled, the Court observed that the High Court had amply protected the rights of the appellant, as deposit being made by the appellant towards the penalty, the appellant is free to apply for building permission which is to be considered by the Municipal Corporation.
In the matter of the orders and notices issued by the Municipal Corporation and other State authorities subsequent to filing this appeal, those orders and notices issued have been brought on record by the IA No. 72517/2020 were all subsequent actions which were not subject matter of the writ petition before the High Court and cannot be taken into consideration in this appeal.
The Court gave the liberty to the parties to seek such remedy with regard to subsequent actions and orders as permissible by law.

The appeal was disposed of accordingly.

READ THE FULL TEXT HERE….

INTRODUCTION

The European Court of justice on Thursday, dismissed an appeal from Spanish cycling company Massi and the EU’s intellectual property office, EUIPO and ruled on Messi’s favour.

The Barcelona Footballer first applied to trademark his surname as a sportswear brand in 2011. After nine long years, Barcelona ace Lionel Messi has finally been granted the permission to trademark his last name ‘Messi’. The footballer faced a major setback when he sought to launch to launch a brand by his own name after Massi, a Spanish brand that sells cycling outfits and equipment, filed an appeal suggesting the similarity in name and logo between the two brands will create lot of confusion among consumers.

The Spanish cycling company was successful with its initial appeal in 2013. But it lost out when Lionel Messi brought an appeal to the General Court, which ruled in his favour, and claimed that he is too well known as a sporting icon for any claimed confusion to arise. The European Court of Justice said that the star player’s reputation could be taken into account when weighing up whether the public would be able to tell the difference between the two brands. In doing so, it upheld the ruling of EU’s General Court of 2018, thereby confirming that the Barcelona star can finally be able to launch his own brand by the name ‘Messi’. Lionel Messi, the 33 year old who wears the number 10 shirt, has been crowned world football player of the year a record six times and is the world’s highest-paid soccer player’ according to Forbes. His total earnings for 2020 is $126m. In August, he made headlines by sending a fax to his club declaring his intention to leave. Barcelona responded by insisting that any team that took him on would have to honour him 700 million buyout in full. The 33 year old avoided being pulled into legal stand-off with the club and confirmed that he will stay at Camp Nou for the 2020-21 season, saying he did not want to face “the club I love” in court.

REPORT BY-

ABHILASHA KUMARI

Decided On

5^TH November, 2004

Citation

CC. No. 4680 of 2004

Petitioner

State of Tamil Nadu

Respondent

Suhas Katti

Bench

Anulrj (CCM), Egmore.

Relevant Law

Section 469, and 509 of IPC, and 67 of the IT Act 2000.

Facts

The accused was a family friend of the complainant. The accused posted annoying, defamatory, and obscene messages about the complainant. The victim was a divorcee woman on social media platforms, and messenger apps. Yahoo messenger app was used by the accused to post such rumours about the women. The main problem behind all of this is that the accused in interested in the women. He also wanted to marry her, but she got married with another man. After her divorce, the accused again started forcing her to marry him, but she rejected him again. After being rejected twice, he started posting defamatory messages about her and also shared her personal mobile number on the social media.

After all this, mails were also forwarded to the women for giving her the information about the accused. The accused has opened a false e-mail account on the name of the victim. Because of all this, the victim received many disrespectful and obscene calls. After suffering such defamation by the acts of the accused, the women filed a complaint against the accused. Based on the complaint registered by the women, the accused was arrested by the police after some days. A charge sheet was filed on 24^th March, 2004 under Section 67 of the IT Act 2000, and Section 469 of the IPC.

Issues

Was the accused liable for the charges under section 509, and 469 of Indian Penal Code, 1860, and section 67 of the Information Technology Act, 2000?

Judgment

On 5^th November 2004, judgement was delivered by the Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate which states that, “under Section 509, and 469 of the IPC, and section 67 of the IT Act the accused was found guilty for all the offenses done by him, and for which he must be sentenced and convicted to undergo rigorous imprisonment of 2 years, and also a fine of Rs. 500/- under section 509, and 469 of the IPC accused is sentenced for 1 year of simple imprisonment with fine of Rs. 500. ”

And under Section 67 of the IT Act, 2000 the accused has to undergo a fine of Rs. 4000 with rigorous imprisonment of 2 years.

Conclusion

In the 21^st generation era, every domain of one’s life whirl around cyberspace, which gives birth to both sides, i.e. the advantages that the internet provides and also the crimes which occur. Now it seems that it has become a major task to handle these internet crimes. The internet had started to appear recently in the Indian context and the laws for it were hardly rigorous since not much harm was caused or reported till then. However, the IT act and its implementation, in this case, made a historic impression and helped both the courts and the public as it sets a benchmark for the courts and influence people and gave them strength to lodge cases against the wrongs of harassment and defamation, etc. on the internet. This case became the first case where conviction happened under section 67 of the Information Technology Act 2000 in India.

Latest Posts

The article has been written by Yash Mittal, pursuing LLB-1 year from Mewar Law Institute. Picture credits to wpart.org

AI refers to the ability of machines to perform cognitive tasks like thinking, perceiving, learning, problem-solving, and decision making. Initially conceived as a technology that could mimic human intelligence, AI has evolved in ways that far exceed its original conception. With incredible advances made in data collection, processing, and computation power, intelligent systems can now be deployed to take over a variety of tasks, enable connectivity, and enhance productivity. As AI’s capabilities have dramatically expanded, so have its utility in a growing number of fields.

History

1) In Greek mythology, Talos was a giant animated warrior programmed to guard the island of Crete created by Hephaestus.

2) In 1950, Alan Turing proposed the Turing test, it is proposed to see whether the machine can think like humans or not. Turing test was the first proposal in the artificial intelligence.

3) In 1951, this period was also known as Game Artificial intelligence. Christopher Strachey wrote a checkers program and Dietrich Prinz wrote one for chess.

4) In 1956, it is the most important year for Artificial intelligence. This year John Mc Carthy first coined the term ‘Artificial Intelligence’ in 1956 at the Dartmouth conference.

5) In 1959, the first artificial intelligence laboratory, MIT artificial intelligence Lab was set up and the research began.

6) In 1960, the first robot was introduced to the General Motors assembly line.

7) In 1961, the first Artificial intelligence chatbot was introduced called ELIZA.

8) In 1997, IBM Deep blue beats world champion Garry Kasparov in the game of chess.

9) In 2005, an autonomous robotic car called Stanley wins the 2005 DARPA grand challenge.

10) In 2011, IBM question-answering machine, Watson defeated the two greatest champions, Brad Rutter and Ken Jennings.

This history shows the evolution of artificial intelligence over time.

Stages of Artificial Intelligence

There are three stages of Artificial intelligence.

1) Artificial narrow intelligence (ANI)

ANI also is known as Weak Artificial intelligence refers to a computer’s ability to perform a single task very well, whether it’s checking the weather, playing chess, or analyzing raw data to write journalistic reports. Weak AI is the one that exists in our world today. Every machine that was present around us is narrow AI. Google Assistant, Siri, and other natural language processing tools are examples of Artificial narrow intelligence.

2) Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) – AGI is also known as Strong Artificial intelligence, it is the stage where the machine has the ability to think and make decisions just like humans. AGI can perform any intellectual task that human beings can do. Currently, there is no example of AGI, but AGI can solve problems, innovative and creative. Steven Hawking quoted that the development of artificial intelligence could end the human race.

3) Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI) -ASI am the stage of Artificial intelligence in which the machines will surpass the capability of human beings. This is the stage that can threaten human existence. Elon Musk thinks that it will lead to the extinction of the human race. Currently, there is no machine that can have the same capability or ability as humans.

Types of Artificial Intelligence

There are 4 types of Artificial intelligence.

1) Reactive Machine -The basic type of AI is purely reactive, it includes machines that operate solely based on the current or present data, they don’t use past memories to perform current situations.

Deep Blue IBM chess-playing machine, which beat international grandmaster Garry Kasparov, is the greatest example of a Reactive Machine.

2) Limited Memory Artificial Intelligence – Limited memory AI can use the past data from its memories to make informed and improved decisions.

Self-driving cars are the best example as they observe other cars, speed, and direction. A car using sensors to identify people that are crossing the roads and identifying traffic signals. Such an AI has short-lived or temporary memory.

3) Theory of Mind Artificial Intelligences – If machines are equipped with the Theory of Mind artificial intelligence, it will able to understand emotions. It focuses mainly on emotional intelligence and it will help the machine to differentiate between different emotions of different people. The machine will adjust their actions accordingly.

4) Self Aware Artificial Intelligence – It includes the machine that has their own consciousness and becomes self-aware. But we are probably far from creating a machine that is self-aware.

How can Artificial intelligence be used for National Security?

Logistics and supply chain management. This is arguably the lowest of the low-hanging fruits available to the Indian military. Substantial work has already been done in deploying AI for logistics and supply chain management in the civilian sector, with several Indian companies also having built considerable expertise in this area. It would, therefore, not require much effort to transfer the technology, knowledge and expertise already present in the civilian space to meet the military’s needs.

An efficient logistics system lies at the heart of any well-functioning military, and this is especially complicated for the Indian Armed Forces given the diverse environments and conditions they operate in. AI-backed systems could go a long way in increasing efficiencies, reducing wastage and overall costs in the military’s logistics management.

Cyber-operations. As cyber warfare becomes faster, more sophisticated and more dangerous, it becomes necessary to develop both offensive and defensive cyber-war capabilities both to protect the military’s own assets and communication links, and to attack similar assets of opposing militaries. Specifically trained AI systems could actually prove to be far more efficient and effective than humans for such tasks.

The scale and speed of the responses necessary in evolving cyber-operation domains make it unlikely that humans will be able to tackle evolving threats in an effective manner by themselves. A number of cybersecurity experts and commentators believe that AI is the future of cyber-operations, with machine-on-machine engagements increasingly becoming the norm, especially to counter low-order or routine threats.

Intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR). This has already been put into practice by various countries, including the US, and, possibly, China. Using AI for ISR tasks can take two different forms. The first is the use of AI in unmanned vehicles and systems, whether on air, land, or on and under water. This includes increasingly ubiquitous drones but also unmanned ships and submersibles and ground vehicles. Such “intelligent” unmanned systems could be used for patrolling in harsh terrains and weather conditions, providing harbour protection, and allowing the deploying force to scout the battlefield or conflict zone with no danger to human soldiers.

The second use is for data analysis and interpretation. An AI system could, for instance, be trained to pick out predetermined suspicious behaviour from the video footage of a surveillance drone, and thereby identify potential targets. Much of this work is currently done by humans, but the time taken and possible data under-analysed is immense. AI could do in a few hours what would have taken a human days to do, and in a significantly more efficient manner. This fact has led the US to develop and deploy an experimental system called Project Maven, which analyses video footage from drones to identify potential threats in the US’ fight against the Islamic State (IS).

4. One of the potential applications of AI in cyber defence may be to enable the setting up of self-configuring networks. It would mean that AI systems could detect vulnerabilities (software bugs) and perform response actions like self-patching. This opens new ways to strengthening communications and information systems security by providing network resilience, prevention and protection against cyber threats.

5. Another aspect relevant in building an AI enabled cyber defence could be the future implications of Quantum computing or high processing computers. This enhancement to support data-processing may increase the efficiency of algorithms. Algorithms are key components of running AI and may be tailored to counter complex cyber threats.

6. AI infused autonomous weapon systems would become field level force multipliers in the future wars. AI would have a major role in the functioning of every major

offensive or defensive weapon system of the military.

7. Using AI enabled weapon systems such as drones would selectively target the militia without collateral damage, leaving hardly any space for them to operate.

8. The ministry established a high-level Defence AI Council (DAIC) under the chairmanship of the Minister of Defence assigned with the task of providing strategic direction towards the adoption of AI in defence. The DAIC will guide the partnership between the government and industry and also review the recommendations concerning the acquisition of technology and start-ups.

The task force recognized AI as a ‘force multiplier’ and emphasized that all the defence organizations lay down their strategies of AI appropriation. The Centre of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (CAIR) in the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has also developed autonomous technology-based products.

9. It has focused on the net-centric communication systems for tactical command control. For surveillance and reconnaissance purposes, CAIR has developed intriguing probes like snake robots, Hexa-bots, and sentries. It has a comprehensive library for AI-based algorithms and data mining toolboxes that can potentially be used for image/video recognition, NLP, swarming.

However, in a data-based approach to artificial intelligence, efficient learner algorithms can only serve a limited purpose without the hardware that can collect and process a large amount of data.

10. Humanoid robots, armed with lethal weapons, to guard the long borders with Pakistan and China? Or, unmanned tanks, submarines, and aircraft to take the battle to the enemy? Well, all this as of now maybe in the realm of pure science fiction for India, which does not even have aerial combat drones. But India does not want to miss the bus in the new global arms race to develop artificial intelligence(AI)-powered weapon and surveillance systems for futuristic wars.

11. The country’s defence establishment is now working towards harnessing the expertise of the information technology industry and academia in this arena, taking a cue from countries like the US and China that are focusing on AI and MI (machine learning) to develop lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWS)The critical need to be prepared for this new revolution in military affairs was even stressed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi during the DefExpo in Chennai last month. “New and emerging technologies like AI and Robotics will perhaps be the most important determinants of defensive and offensive capabilities for any defence force in the future.

India, with its leadership in the information technology domain would strive to use this technology tilt to its advantage,” he said.

Conclusion

Artificial intelligence has a great scope ahead if used wisely and strategically. Adoption of AI in various realms would offer Its more scope and credibility.

The accountability debate on AI, which in most of the cases today is aimed at ascertaining the liability, needs to be shifted to objectively identifying the component that failed and how to prevent that in the future.

AI must be coded in such a way that it must not overpower the human race. It must be within the control of the encoder.

The stage of artificial super intelligence (ASI) can become a threat in the future if this type of machine came into existence. The machine should not surpass all human abilities which can become a threat to the human race. As we see in sci-fi movies that how robots and machines invade earth and conquered it.

So, artificial intelligence must be developed within limits and should be tested from time to time to avoid its ill results.

Latest Posts

With a view to expand its team, CCRD is inviting applications from students who are interested in interning as editors under the organization.

About CCRD

The Centre for Constitutional Research and Development (CCRD) is established in recognition of the need to have an authoritative record of constitutional history, judicial development and to create a forum for exchanging and sharing the discussion of the most important, relevant and recent issues pertaining to the Constitution.

CCRD is a think tank established in 2019 under the aegis of VidhiAagaz [An International Research and Publication Organisation]

About the Internship

Students will be expected to review several papers, blog posts, articles and any other submissions as duly assigned. They will be required to coordinate with the senior editors and must adhere to the prescribed time limit, failing which, they can be instantly removed.

Who can apply?

Law students in and above 2^nd year (For 5-year integrated course) and above 1^st year (For 3-year Course) can apply for the job.

The students must have reasonable researching and drafting skills along with a good sense of editing and formatting.
Those who are available to work from home for a period of 6 months.
Those who have major interest and experience of researching on Constitutional Law.
Candidates with publications at Reputed National and International Journals will be preferred.

Number of Positions

3 Editors

Perks and Incentives

A certificate upon the Completion of tenure.

A Good Exposure for those who wish to further their editing and drafting skills.
A few more incentives in kind such as publication in Reputed Journals, free access to Certificate Courses [based on performance]

Application Procedure

Interested candidates are requested to fill the Application form HERE.

After the initial selection, candidates will be given an assignment which would assess their editing and formatting skills.
Based on the performance of the candidate, final selection which will be notified to the selected candidates.

Application Deadline

29^th September, 2020

Contact

For any further queries, kindly mail us at: editor.ccrd@gmail.com or send message via Instagram at this link.

ABOUT THE COMPETITION

The Judgment Writing Competition, 2020 has been conceived with the aim of promoting skills of interpreting and applying legal concepts to facts and drafting judgments. The objective of this Competition is to enable the students to approach a factual matrix from the point of view of a judge, apply the law and render a judgment. The student shall be expected to think like a judge and reach a well-reasoned conclusion.

Time & Location

05 Oct, 11:59 pmOnline Submission

ELIGIBILITY

The participants should be currently pursuing their Bachelor’s Degree in law i.e. 3-Year LL.B. course or 5-Year LL.B. course from any recognized university/school.
There is no restriction on the number of entries from any college or university. The participants shall write a single opinion. Multiple opinions/dissenting opinions are not allowed.
Individual participation, as well as participation in a team of three i.e. co-authorship, is allowed.

Important: A team comprising of three students from different colleges are also eligible to participate in the competition.

SUBMISSION GUIDELINES:

1. The manuscript submitted must be an original work of the author(s) and must not have been submitted or published elsewhere. Any sort of plagiarism shall amount to penalty.

2. Co-authorship is permitted to a maximum of 3 authors.

3. Word Limit 3000 – 4000 (exclusive of footnotes).

4. The manuscript must not disclose identity of the author(s)(e.g. name, institution, etc.)

5. The author(s) shall submit a separate cover letter containing the details of the author.

6. The name of the file shall be named in the following format:

– Cover Letter: Cover Letter – Name of the author(s).

– Manuscript: Manuscript – Name of the author(s).

7. All the required documents (Manuscript and Cover Letter) must be submitted in doc or docx and pdf format and should be mailed to voxiura.competitions@gmail.com with the subject ‘Manuscript Submission | Name of the author – Name of the co-author.

FORMATTING GUIDELINES:

1. The author(s) shall strictly adhere to the 19th Bluebook Citation. Any citation found contrary shall amount to penalty.

2. The manuscript shall be in A4 Layout with 1.5 line spacing and Justified.

3. Headings: Times New Roman, Size – 14, Bold.

4. Main body: Times New Roman, Size – 12.

5. Footnotes: Times New Roman, Size – 10, Line Spacing 1.0 and Justified.

MARKING CRITERIA:

Criteria Marks

Arrangement of Facts- 10 marks

Issues Addressed- 10 marks

Knowledge of law- 20 marks

Use of Legal Principle- 15 marks

Logical Reasoning- 15 marks

Precedents Used- 10 marks

Format and Language- 10 marks

Style of Writing – 10 marks

Total 100 marks

ANONYMITY:

Each team will be provided with a unique code upon registration. The identity of the teams shall not be disclosed at any stage; such disclosure shall invite penalties including disqualification. The decision for the same shall be at the discretion of the Organizing Committee.

REGISTRATION

Registration would be through google forms: https://forms.gle/w3ZUop9jf6JHXJ6cA

Registrations Fees:

1. ₹ 250 for Single author;

2. ₹ 450 for Two authors

3. ₹ 600 for Three authors.

2. Mode of Payment: Registration Fees should be paid online. Kindly take the screenshot of payment ID for reference.

3. A confirmation mail will be sent on approval of registration.

PAYMENT DETAILS:

Google Pay

Transfer amount to +91 9094813014 (or) Transfer amount to +91 8098427927

UPI ID- mitesh.law@okhdfcbank UPI ID- vigneshbaskaranbabl@oksbi

NEFT & IMPS

R MITESH

HDFC BANK

A/c no: 50100104287670

IFSC: HDFC0000017

AWARDS:

1. First Prize – Certificate of Excellence + Free publication on VOX IURA website + Rs. 3000 Cash Prize.

2. Second Prize – Certificate of Excellence + Free publication on VOX IURA website + Rs. 2000 Cash Prize.

3. Third Prize – Certificate of Excellence + Free publication on VOX IURA website + Rs. 1000 Cash Prize.

Shortlisted judgments will be published with the name of the author.
Certificate of Merit would be awarded to the top ten participants excluding Top three.
Certificate of Participation will be given to all the participants.

PENALTIES:

Notwithstanding any other rule, the following penalties may be levied on participants:

1. Disqualification on grounds of

i. Non-Submission of Judgment.

ii. Breach of Anonymity Rule.

iii. Submission of Judgment beyond five days of the date of submission.

2. Submission of Judgments not complying with Rules shall attract a penalty of two marks per aberration and two marks per 100 words (word limit).

3. Submission of Judgment (Soft Copy) beyond the date of submission shall attract penalty of ten marks per day.

DECISION:

Decision of the jury shall be final and binding. Decision of the Organizing Committee shall be binding in interpretation of any rules or for any query or otherwise.

QUERIES RELATING TO THE PROPOSITION:

All queries and clarifications regarding the proposition must be mailed to the Organizing Committee on voxiura.competitions@gmail.com.

COORDINATORS

· Hariniyadav.D +91 99627 19699

· Mitesh. R +91 90948 13014

SCHEDULE

Deadline for Registration- 05/10/2020

Last date for seeking Clarifications- 08/10/2020

Issuance of clarifications- 10/10/2020

Last date for submission of the Judgements- 25/10/2020

Click here for problem and Brochure!

For more information visit here https://www.voxiura.com/event-details/vox-iuras-1st-judgment-writing-competition

ABOUT THE ORGANISATION

Maharashtra National Law University Aurangabad (MNLU-A), is an institution established in the year 2017, with an objective of imparting quality legal education.

ABOUT THE NEWSLETTER

Devoted to the study of comparative and transnational laws and legal systems, the Comparative Law e-Newsletter (CLN) is an open access, peer-reviewed and refereed newsletter published bi-monthly with six issues per year, byMaharashtra National Law University Aurangabad. It embraces analytical, theoretical, empirical and socio-legal attempts surrounding the public andprivate law aspects of various legal systems. It aims to encourage comparative legal studies in the transnational context of legal history, theory, philosophy, legal cultures and traditions, by tracking the developments in the field across the world. The newsletter seeks works that are dynamic and interdisciplinary in nature with specific display of comprehensive knowledge on the subject matter.

THEME

The submission must deal with a contemporary issue of “Environment and Development”. The submissions must affirm with originality and novelty in form of content and area of research.

CONTENTS OF THE NEWSLETTER

Submissions made to the newsletter can be in the nature of any of the following categories. Contributors are requested to kindly mention the nature of the submission in the body of the mail accompanying their submission. Apart from the contents mentioned hereunder, the newsletter shall also feature interviews and opinions of prominent scholars and professionals surrounding the theme of the issue.

1) Short Articles: Contributions on an area within the theme encompassing theoretical arguments and comparative analysis.

2) Case Comments: Analyses of any case falling under the theme of the issue.

3) Legislative Comments: Analyses of legislations related to the theme.

4) Social Spotlight: Case study of obscure social issues looked through the lenses of law.

SUBMISSION GUIDELINES

1)The e-Newsletter intends to include contributions fromstudents, experts, scholars, academicians and professionals from any field.

2)The suggested word limit for the contribution is 700 to 1000 words excluding endnotes.

3)Main text: Times New Roman, Font size 12, Line spacing 1.5.

4)Endnotes: Times New Roman, Font size 10, Line spacing 1.0.

5)Style of endnotes should be according to “OSCOLA” latest edition

6)Only one submission per author is permitted. Co-authorship is permitted to a maximum of 2 authors.

7)All submissions must be original, unpublished and should not have been submitted for review elsewhere. Plagiarism in any form shall result in instant rejection of the submission. The decision of the Board of Editors in this matter is final and binding.

8)Submissions must be in the English language only and must be submitted in MS Word Format (.doc/.docx) to mnluacln@gmail.com under the subject heading “Submission: MNLUA Comparative Law e-Newsletter”.

9)The body of the mail shall contain name and designation, email id, contact number of the author(s).

10)The submission must not contain name or any other marks which reveals the identity of the author(s).

11)The contributions will be published in the MNLU-A Comparative e-Newsletter, which shall be published on the university’s official website.

IMPORTANT DATES

Last date of submission: on or before 11:59 PM, 30th September, 2020.

Confirmation of acceptance: 8^th October, 2020.

CONTACT INFORMATION

In case of any query, you can reach out to mnluacln@gmail.com or call: Nikita Mohapatra: +918917558381

Soumya Thakur: +918319985649

For further details click here

About the Committee

The Legal Aid and Awareness Committee (LAAC) is a student run body of National Law University Jodhpur which works towards imparting practical knowledge and information regarding the basic legal rights and remedies to the masses.

About the Competition

As the name suggests, the Lex Quest Essay Writing Competition aims to motivate the school students to develop an understanding of the legal regime in India. The purpose of the Competition is to make students think and increase their knowledge about important yet unexplored areas of our day-to-day life.

Eligibility

Participant Category 1: Class 9th and 10th

Participant Category 2: Class 11th and 12th
Both categories have been allotted different topics to write upon.
Co-authorship of the essay is not allowed.

Essay Topics

Category 1: Virtual education: Impact on students and suitability in India?

Category 2: Impact of New Education Policy: Are further reforms needed?

Registration Details

The participants can register for the essay competition by paying a nominal fee of ₹ 100 by the registration deadline, i.e. September 26, 2020.

The fee can be paid through Paytm or Google Pay on the number, 9905671255.

Additionally, the participant shall email the screenshot of the payment on nlujlaac@gmail.com along with the declaration for participation.

Students interested in participating shall send an email to nlujlaac@gmail.com on or before September 26th, 2020, after which no consent shall be considered. The consent can be sent by schools on behalf of their students or by students individually.

How to Submit?

The participants have to submit their essays on or before October 16, 2020, by emailing it to nlujlaac@gmail.com.

The subject of the email should read: Submission of Essay_Name of the Participant_Category 1/Category 2.
In case two copies are submitted by the participant, the copy of the draft submitted last will be considered for evaluation.
No submission shall be accepted after 23:59 hours of October 16, 2020.

Contact Details

E-mail ID: nlujlaac@gmail.com

About the Blogs

Law Primis is an online platform launched in 2020. Law Primis seeks to spread awareness among individuals from legal backgrounds and individuals interested in the legal field.

Law Primis aims to reach people and increase their understanding of the multifaceted life that is the career and practice of the law. Law Primis seek to be the platform that caters to your needs as an individual interested in this field.

About the Internship

Internship work would include: Writing legal blogs on subjects of current interest. The blogs would be published in the name of the intern. Researching and analysing the latest legal developments, judgments, news updates, et al. Any other work allotted by our Team.

Location

Work from home/online internship with flexible timings

Eligibility

Law students currently enrolled in their 2nd Year & Onwards.
Interns should possess strong writing, research, and analytical skills.

Duration of Internship

The duration of the internship is four weeks (1 month). However, interns may apply for an extension. The internship shall, however, be subject to termination with reasons, if the case may be.

Stipend

The organization does not offer any stipend. Certificate of Internship and performance-based perks shall be provided after successful completion of full duration.

Number of Vacancies

4 (Four)

Application Procedure

Interested candidates are required to send their CV, and a sample write up of not more than 500 words to connect[at]lawprimis.com.

Click here.

INTRODUCTION

Changes brought through NEP 2020

Features of NEP 2020

Conclusion

Decided On

Citation

Petitioner

Respondent

Bench

Relevant Law

Facts

Issues

Judgment

Conclusion

History

Stages of Artificial Intelligence

Types of Artificial Intelligence

How can Artificial intelligence be used for National Security?

Conclusion

About CCRD

About the Internship

Who can apply?

Number of Positions

Perks and Incentives

Application Procedure

Application Deadline

Contact

ABOUT THE COMPETITION

ELIGIBILITY

SUBMISSION GUIDELINES:

FORMATTING GUIDELINES:

MARKING CRITERIA:

ANONYMITY:

REGISTRATION

PAYMENT DETAILS:

NEFT & IMPS

AWARDS:

PENALTIES:

DECISION:

SCHEDULE

ABOUT THE ORGANISATION

ABOUT THE NEWSLETTER

THEME

CONTENTS OF THE NEWSLETTER

SUBMISSION GUIDELINES

IMPORTANT DATES

CONTACT INFORMATION

About the Committee

About the Competition

Eligibility

Essay Topics

Registration Details

How to Submit?

Contact Details

About the Blogs

About the Internship

Location

Eligibility

Duration of Internship

Stipend

Number of Vacancies

Application Procedure

Partners with Us

Services

Contact Us

Join Us