Month: June 2021

Continuing Guarantee: Nature and Revocation

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The present article is written by Priyanka Choudhary, currently pursuing BALLB from Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh, Rajasthan.

INTRODUCTION

As per Section 6 of the Indian Contract Act, 1972 a “Contract of Guarantee” may be a sort of a contract that deals with the performance of the promise, or discharge of the liability and breaches of a 3rd party just in case of their default. A guarantee is often either in oral or written form. Contract of Guarantee deals with 3 parties, wherein the surety is that the one who acts because the party to fulfill the obligations and liabilities on a part of the defaulting party. The three parties to the Contract of Guarantee are:

  1. Surety – the party who gives the guarantee.
  2. Principal Debtor – the party in whose default the guarantee is given.
  3. Principle Creditor – the party to whom the guarantee is given.

For example – T, comes in contract with Y to deliver to him 10 litres of fruit juice a day, provided if G acts as a surety to be liable on behalf of Y if the latter fails to form the payment for 10 litres of fruit juice to T. Now, if Y fails to form payment to T, then G will need to make the required payment. 

WHAT IS CONTINUING GUARANTEE?

Under section 129 of the Indian Contract Act of 1872, the definition is of continuing guarantee is given which says an unbroken guarantee may be a sort of guarantee which applies to a series of transactions. It applies to all or any transactions entered into by the principal debtor until it’s revoked by the surety. Therefore Bankers always like better to have an unbroken guarantee in order that the guarantor’s liability isn’t limited to the first advances and would also reach all subsequent debts.

The most important feature of a unbroken guarantee is that it applies to a series of separable, distinct transactions. Therefore, when a guarantee is given for a whole consideration, it can’t be termed as a unbroken guarantee.

These guarantees have a group deadline and time-frame or are for a hard and fast duration, maybe one month, one year, etc. Continuing Guarantee doesn’t come to an end after the discharge of one promise or repayment of single debt or transaction. it’s within the hands of the Surety to form sure that the liability regarding time or amount is often limited consistent with his wishes and interest. Under Continuing Liability, Surety is responsible for unpaid and left balance at the top of the guarantee.

It is of two types, (i) Prospective (ii) Retrospective. The previous one is given for future debt(s) and therefore the latter one is given for existing debt(s).

Illustration

A person named ‘G’ gave his house to ‘L’ on a lease for ten years on a specified lease rent. ‘V’ guaranteed that ‘L’, would fulfill his obligations. After seven years ‘L’ stopped paying the lease rent. ‘G’ sued him for the payment of rent. ‘V’ then gave a notice revoking his guarantee for the remaining three years. ‘V’ wouldn’t be ready to revoke the guarantee because the lease for ten years is a whole indivisible consideration and can’t be classified as a series of transactions and hence isn’t an unbroken guarantee.

SPECIFIC AND CONTINUING GUARANTEE

(i) Specific Guarantee: It is a kind of guarantee which is given for a specific transaction or debt. For example – ‘V’ borrowed Rupees 1 lakh from Yes Bank. The guarantee was given by ‘P’ for the repayment of the loan. ‘P’s liability ends as soon as ‘V’ repays the amount of loan to Yes Bank.

(ii) Continuing Guarantee: It is a type of guarantee given for more than one transaction. For example – ‘P’ guarantees payment to ‘V’, a coffee-dealer, in the amount of Rs. 5000, for any coffee he may supply to ‘L’ from time-to-time. ‘V’ supplies ‘L’ with coffee to above the value of Rs. 5000, and ‘L’ pays ‘V’ for it. Afterward, ‘V’ supplies ‘L’ with coffee to the value of Rs. 5000. However, ‘L’ fails to pay and the guarantee given by ‘P’ was a continuing guarantee, and thus, he is accordingly liable to ‘V’ to the extent of Rs. 5000.

NATURE OF CONTINUING GUARANTEE CONTRACT

The vital aspect of a unbroken Guarantee is that it’s applicable and pertains to a series and multitudes of separate, and distinct transactions. Therefore, when a guarantee is given for an entire consideration, it can’t be defined as an unbroken guarantee. 

In the case of Nottingham Hide Co vs. Bottrill, it had been stated that “the facts, circumstances, and intention of every case has got to be looked into for determining if it’s a case of continuous guarantee or not. If the contracts are entered into by misrepresentation or fraud made by the creditor regarding material circumstances or by concealment of fabric facts by the creditor, the contract are going to be considered invalid and void. Once the guarantor commits to his liability by paying the specified debt to the creditor, he steps into the shoes of the creditor and avails all the rights that the creditor had over the principal debtor.”

All transactions entered by the principal debtor until they’re revoked by that security shall be subject to a unbroken guarantee. A guarantee for future transactions are often revoked at any time by notification to the debtors. However, for transactions entered before such cancellation of the guarantee the liability of a guarantor shall not be reduced.

LIABILITY OF THE SURETY CONTINUING GUARANTEE CONTRACT

Under Section 128 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, the principle of Surety’s liability is given which states that the liability of the Surety is co-extensive alongside that of the Principal Debtor unless it’s otherwise provided by the contract. The Surety continues to be responsible for transactions given by the Creditor to the Principal Debtor. The Surety is responsible for any amount which can become due from time-to-time dealings or transactions between the Creditor and therefore the Principal Debtor. But whenever the Surety revokes his guarantee, he discharged from his liability. Liability of the Surety is secondary to the contract and consequently, if the principal debtor isn’t liable, the surety also will not be liable.

DIFFERENT MODES OF REVOCATION CONTINUING GUARANTEE CONTRACT

  • By giving a Notice – When a transaction has been made and it’s ongoing, the Surety’s liability with regards thereto particular transaction can’t be canceled or revoked. It applies to future transactions only. The liability cannot be revoked or waived off by the Surety just by giving notice. If a contract of guarantee involves a clause of a certain time duration that’s required to be met out before the contract is often revoked or stand canceled, then the Surety cannot avoid the liabilities, at no chance. 

In the case Offord v. Davies, the surety had guaranteed the repayment of bills that were to be discounted by the Creditor for the Debtor. It had been to be finished a period of 2-year up to the quantity of $800. The Creditor continued to discount the bills even when the Surety had revoked his guarantee before any bill was discounted, the Debtor defaulted on paying bills. The court held that after the surety revoked for the bills he wasn’t responsible for it as it was discounted after he revoked the guarantee. 

  • On the death of the Surety – A continuing guarantee contract involves an end by the death of the Surety. As regards future transactions, it automatically stands revoked. However, the Surety’s heirs are often held responsible for those transactions that were made before his death. If there’s any provision within the respective contract of guarantee stating that on Surety’s death, his property or legal representatives or heirs or agents are often held responsible and responsible for any liability or breach incurred, then it might be a contract contrary to the meaning of Section 131 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, and therefore the guarantee isn’t revoked even after the death of the Surety.

In Durga Priya Chowdhury v. Durga Pada Roy, the Surety gave a guarantee for the gathering and therefore the payment of rent of Creditor’s Zamindari by the Principal Debtor. An amount of Rs. 700 alongside the consideration of the utilization of the Principal Debtor as an agent was put forth. Later, on the death of the Surety, the Principal debtor defaulted and therefore the creditor sued him and the legal representatives of the Surety. The legal representatives of the Surety pleaded that being an unbroken guarantee, it stood canceled automatically with the death of the Surety. “The provisions of the guarantee stated that the heirs and therefore the representatives of the Surety would be bound and liable by the terms of the guarantee within the same way because the surety was bound by it. The learned judges held that the guarantee wasn’t revoked even after the death of the Surety and his heirs were liable.”

  • Changes made in the terms and conditions of the contract without Surety’s Consent – A contract of continuous guarantee is revoked when there’s any change and amendment made within the terms and conditions of the acceptance between the Principal Debtor and therefore the Creditor without the consultation and consent of the Surety. The Surety is free of his liability on the furtherance of the transaction to the variations made.

In the case of Bishwanath Agarwal vs. depository financial institution of India, the Surety executed an unbroken guarantee up to the extent of Rs. 1,75,000 for securing the loan amount and interest payable by the Principal Debtor to the creditor from time to time. The Debtor defaulted in paying the loan and overdraws were made beyond that limit within the same loan account without the consent of the Surety. “The Surety was held liable only up to Rs. 1,75,000 and he wasn’t bound for the opposite overdraws allowed by the bank to the Debtor without the consent of surety.”

CONCLUSION

Contract of continuous Guarantee is defined under the Indian Contract Act, 1972. the essential function here is to guard the Creditor against any quite loss arising from the breach of contract on a part of the Principal Debtor. Whether it is specific or continuing, every contract of guarantee involves three parties- Principal Debtor, Creditor, and Surety. The burden of liability of the Principal Debtor. It’s essential on a part of the Surety to take care while getting into such a contract. Contract of continuous Guarantee plays a really prominent role within the English Law also. Thus, it becomes vital for a contract of guarantee to exist so as to guard the creditor.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

  1. Avtar Singh, Contract & Specific Relief Act (12th Edition). 
  2. Continuing guarantee. http://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-3950-continuing-guarantee-nature-and-modes-of-revocation.html.
  3. Rachit Garg, Continuing guarantee: nature and modes of revocation, https://blog.ipleaders.in/continuing-guarantee-nature-modes-revocation/. 
  4. Srishti Chawla, What is Contract of Guarantee, https://blog.ipleaders.in/contract-of-guarantee/.

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Lexpeeps Paid Internship Opportunity: Student Buddy Internship Program: Apply Now!

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About us                                             

Lexpeeps Pvt. ltd. is an organization that works to assist and help law schools in organizing and managing their events. We’re seeking to provide young and dynamic law students a platform to experience the legal world in their academic capacities. We organize different events where budding lawyers can experience the legal world. With a self-directed educational strategy and the guidance of industry experts, Lexpeeps also provide you with the recent happening in the legal world in the form of news, opportunities where you can find what suits you the best, articles to explore your interests, and many more.

Keeping practical exposure for the law students in mind:

Lexpeeps provides you with internships, where the legal experts and budding lawyers come in touch with each other and grow by associating with the company.

“Lexpeeps Pvt. Ltd. thrives on commitment and creativity”

About the Internship

Lexpeeps Student Buddy Internship Program is a customised Internship to make student Earn, Learn and Network at a Single place in a fixed date.

Interns Work Role

  • Communicating with potential students from the comfort of your home
  • Pitching about services by different mean
  • Organizing sessions for mutual Growth
  • Answering FAQs

Requirements

  • E-mail Id
  • Source of Online Transaction (Required after selection)
  • People from any age group can apply for this Program

Tenure

100 Days

Perk

  • Chance to Win Exciting Gift to the Best Intern
  • Earn Money Daily
  • Prestigious Letter of Recommendation to 10 Best Performers
  • E-Certificates to all after Success Compilation of Internship

Location

Work from Home

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Fill this form

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28th June 2021

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Job Opportunity: General Counsel at Kwalee, Bangluru: Apply Now!

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About the job

Kwalee is a leading independent mobile game developer and publisher based in Leamington Spa – the UK’s biggest gaming hub outside Greater London and a great place to live – along with growing teams in Bangalore and Beijing.

Now the largest hypercasual games publisher in the UK, Kwalee is a company known globally thanks to half a billion downloads for hit mobile games including Draw it, Bake it, Shootout 3D, Rocket Sky and many more. These successes have driven rapid growth in recent years and with exciting new projects in the works for Nintendo Switch and PC alongside the studio’s hypercasual specialism, Kwalee shows no signs of slowing down!

Founded in 2011 by David Darling CBE, a key architect of the UK games industry who previously co-founded and led Codemasters for many years, our team also includes legends such as Andrew Graham (creator of Micro Machines series) and Jason Falcus (programmer of classics including NBA Jam) alongside a growing and diverse team of mobile gaming experts. Everyone contributes creatively to Kwalee’s success, with all employees eligible to pitch their own game ideas on Creative Wednesdays. Could your idea be the next global hit?

As General Counsel you are an expert in IP law, copyrights, patents, trademarks and commercial agreements and you love games so this is perfect for you! 

You’ll be part of a team that will be based in the new office that we’re going to open in Bangalore.

 What you will really be doing

  • Overseeing all legal matters at Kwalee
  • Managing a small in-house legal team and working closely with external legal advisers
  • Handling our Intellectual Property rights
  • Producing and reviewing commercial agreements
  • Managing anti-counterfeiting and anti-piracy matters including takedown notices  
  • Assisting with domestic and foreign trademark prosecution and litigation
  • Keeping track of all existing agreements and ensuring they are adhered to  

How you will be doing this

  • You’ll be part of an agile, multidisciplinary and creative team and work closely with them to understand the specialist roles that are required and our company culture
  • You’ll think creatively and be motivated by challenges and constantly striving for the best.
  • You’ll work with cutting edge technology, if you need software or hardware to get the job done efficiently, you can get it

Team

Our talented team is our signature. We have a highly creative atmosphere with around 100 staff where you’ll have the opportunity to contribute daily to important decisions. You’ll work within an extremely experienced, passionate and diverse team, including David Darling and the creator of the Micro Machines video games.

Skills and requirements

  • Fully qualified lawyer with 10 years of experience managing disputes and litigation in intellectual property (trademarks, copyright and patents) and producing and negotiating commercial agreements including licensing with at least 7 year of PQE (preferably with some experience practicing law in the UK or the US)
  • Law degree from a well-reputed university
  • Strong communication skills, both written and verbal, with excellent interpersonal skills
  • Highly organised, with strong attention to detail
  • Self starter attitude, proactive
  • Passion for games

We offer:

We offer a generous benefits package to all our employees that includes a team profit sharing scheme from day 1 of employment among other perks.

Job Details

Seniority Level

Mid-Senior level

Industry

  • Computer Games 
  • Entertainment

Employment Type

Full-time

Job Functions

Legal

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Internship Opportunity: Legal Intern at Esports4g.com, Noida: Apply Now!

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G-commerce platform for enthusiast gamers and geeks. We are dedicated to providing a world-class seamless experience to the gaming community. ESports4g.com is dedicated to the gaming community and every gamer matters to us. Our team has more than 20 years of experience in the gaming industry and we know what actually matters to the gamers in terms of happiness and best experience. And what it takes to bring the best out of it with an enjoyable environment.

About the job

Selected intern’s day-to-day responsibilities include:

1. Working on vendor agreements and provisions related to online fraud

2. Researching on Esports laws/Tax laws

3. Drafting agreements and contracts.

4. Working on any other ancillary work given

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“Is Freedom of Speech and Expression a Reality or Myth?”

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The Present article has been written by Shrey Hasija, a 1st-year student of Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies, GGSIPU.

INDIA is a democratic country, and democracy is built on the right of people to express themselves, at least in part. In all democratic societies, freedom of speech is a fundamental human right; it is crucial in decision-making at all levels. When this fundamental human right is jeopardized, people become extremely emotional and will go to great lengths to safeguard it. This can cause social instability and possibly have bad economic consequences. Some feel that freedom of speech should be limited to a certain degree. However,  for a country to be deemed free, its citizens must be able to express their opinions.

Our generation has the luxury of freely expressing ourselves and posting it on the internet. But, how many of us value the opportunity to listen to, speak about, write about, and film what we love? Many governments around the world make it tough to voice your opinions. Even India went through a similar period between 1975 and 1977 when a state of emergency was imposed. People had lost their right to say whatever they wished throughout those 21 months. Meetings and social gatherings were subjected to stringent regulations. The country was deafeningly silent. People felt happy to rejoice as the government removed the state of emergency. That is how you feel when you are empowered. 

However, there is no such thing as absolute freedom of expression. A line must constantly be drawn that cannot be crossed. And it differs from person to person. Every person is free to voice his or her opinions and thereby affect his or her country, if not the entire world, according to the democratic ideal. In light of the current situation, I believe our country is headed on the wrong path in terms of our right to free expression. Many events have occurred in which people’s voices have been silenced. Campaigns are being waged against films, publications are being banned, and people are becoming aggressive towards others who express their opinions. We are stifling our freedom of speech in whatever manner we can, and it appears that this is now a regular occurrence.

It’s all about our viewpoints when it comes to free expression. We have the right to express ourselves as we see fit. Freedom of information, on the other hand, is a vital component of free speech. Disseminating false information is a violation of free speech because misinformation manipulates free speech to further a political objective. People have every right to argue and protest in civilized ways with rationalists, nationalists, and religious zealots.

The Indian constitution promises citizens freedom of expression, yet three recent incidents in India for expressing one’s views in the media against people in authority make one ask if freedom of speech is limited to a privileged few.  In India, an ordinary man’s freedom of speech or expression appears to be purely subjective and rarely a reality. An incident that occurred in Mumbai a few years ago sparked resentment from all sections of the populace. 

Two women were detained in Mumbai, one for posting a comment on Facebook about an entire city being shut down due to Balasaheb Thackeray’s funeral and the other for liking the statement. The local Police jumped into action with an alacrity rarely seen in the execution of the letter of the law, based on a complaint submitted by a local Sena member. To say the least, the recent instance of Gurmehar Kaur and the reaction she got from so-called nationalists is terrible. Perhaps they didn’t see the significance of Ms. Kaur’s statement.  It’s possible they didn’t want to or perhaps Gurmehar is too young to comprehend the implications of her words. 

However, she is still entitled to her viewpoint, and the Indian constitution guarantees her the right to voice it. 

What is evident is that we must advocate for prudence and compassion, or we will undermine the very institution that protects our rights. We must recognize that everyone’s intellectual levels are not the same and that they vary from person to person. Intolerance in any form, however, must no longer be accepted. There is no such thing as a perfect civilization, church, group, or country in the world. It was he who created religion, composed holy texts, established the caste system, established nations, and constructed bombs. We adapt over time since the only constant in the world is change. India, Pakistan, and the United States are not flawless, but I am hopeful that humanity will find its path. 

Freedom of expression is not only necessary; it is essential to our progress; the more it is practiced in a society, the less oppressed its citizens are.

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Internship Opportunity: Legal Intern at OCLI Learning Pvt. Ltd. : Apply Now!

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About the job

Selected intern’s day-to-day responsibilities include:

1. Research on various contemporary legal issues

2. Research on various legal topics and policy framing

3. Work on drafting the agreement between the course enroller and the organization

4. Promote certified law courses offered by us (you would be getting incentives on it)

Official Notification:

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Legal Assistant Intern IPR at Yealater, Kerala: Applications Open!

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About the job

Perfect practice make you perfect. Our internship program to fresh Graduates as well as law students offers a bright opportunity to learn the practical aspect of law to help you understand the kind of work we offer.

Roles & Responsibilities:

Trademark and Copyright Legal Research

Eligibility:

Proficiency in writing and spoken English, Should have basic knowledge in IPR, Willing to Intern for at least 2 month.

Official Notification:

https://www.linkedin.com/jobs/view/2595632155/?alertAction=markasviewed&savedSearchAuthToken=1%26AQH8uGUIUig4oQAAAXoibCaows3_9EWPoY5ffyWwiTZuHRmUiJkPWymyfpM2oGVqLgwXhQ7FHqalMEtKdj-USssQ0aQmgZL6HAiHwUaHRV0Gxe3LoEmvJ06niZFD_O3-rOV2gVALU2EjIrhfvGxwDOxmqwOL8z-OT9wJNq8jsFGT8whfxUkyLBeEE-fuPTWpED9upv3DDtZGuOU2FBYkx33yriC9aveb6RbSy6HJQB8ZiywhhSy6v-J10ph7-N65RjQTbfc1Yp2KIU28Gl7i0HaJJBcnjb7BLwqULUNGop-7qKHUjB4Ung0h%26AfmuP0B7P38OQnhDDa4gYB6-zig7&savedSearchId=1422822506&refId=3034bb8c-9fa2-4533-b23f-fccd724c3079&trackingId=uA2KBiVbBIJXatF91kyXAw%3D%3D&midToken=AQFTUldLymjkcQ&midSig=3S97nYfnMf1FQ1&trk=eml-email_job_alert_digest_01-job_alert-8-member_details_mercado&trkEmail=eml-email_job_alert_digest_01-job_alert-8-member_details_mercado-null-d83xhd%7Ekq38erjs%7Ebh-null-jobs%7Eview

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National Article Writing Competition and Publication by JIMS, School of Law: Register by 18th July 2021

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About the Journal:

The JIMS Journal of Law (JJL) is a bi-annual, blind peer-reviewed print journal bearing ISSN No. 2581-6837. It is no surprise that the publishing industry has changed significantly. New approaches are emerging among editors, reviewers, and publishers, which has resulted in new requirements and aspirations throughout the various sectors of law.

About the Event:

This Competition is organized by JIMS School of Law, Greater Noida, affiliated to G.G.S.I.P.U., New Delhi. This competition is about developing a strong opinion about issues that matter and honing one’s writing skill to present oneself well. This competition can be used as a great opportunity for the students to explore and develop their writing skills. The endeavour is to instil in students an excellent expression of thought on paper and provide them with a space for growth, improvement, and better learning.

Theme:

Any Contemporary legal Issue.

Mode:

Online

Important Dates:

  • Last date of registration: 18th July, 2021
  • Last date of submission of manuscript: 25th July, 2021
  • Date of Result announcement: 7th August, 2021

Guidelines:

  • All the participants are required to submit their manuscripts through google form which will be circulated after the successful registration, through email.
  • The article must be submitted in the English language only.
  • Entries can be co-authored. However, a maximum of two authors per entry is allowed.
  • Times New Roman font, in font size 12 is prescribed for all entries. Further, footnotes shall be in font size 10 and in Times New Roman font.
  • A line spacing of 1.5 for the main text and 1.0 for footnotes should be followed.
  • All submissions should be in doc or docx format; submissions in pdf shall not be accepted.
  • Manuscripts should be of between 1000 – 1500 words.
  • The main submission must not contain the credentials of the author(s) or the name of their institution. A separate cover letter containing the specifications of the author(s) must be attached to the e-mail. The Article must be submitted in the .doc/.docx file only.
  • The submissions must be original works and should not have been published elsewhere.
  • All publications are subject to a plagiarism check if the work is found to be plagiarized then the submission will be not be published (plagiarism is allowed 15%).
  • The submission should be free from all grammatical & spelling errors.
  • The Bluebook Uniform System of Citation (20th edition) shall be strictly adhered to.
  • The footnotes shall be in Times New Roman font, the font size 10, and the line spacing of 1.0.
  • All submissions must be made in the electronic form under the subject heading
  • In all matters related to the Competition, the decision of the Panel and JIMS, School of Law School shall be final and conclusive.

Note: All the participants are required to go through the brochure thoroughly. The link to the brochure is given below.

Who is it For?

The Competition is open for Students pursuing/completed Graduation/Post Graduation from any recognized University across the country or academicians, Professionals, Scholars of any background. Co-authorship: up-to two authors are permitted.

Registration Process:

Registration Process: Interested students are required to duly fill the registration form which is given below, after doing the payment.

Payment Procedure:

UPI ID & PayTm

  • Paytm UPI ID: 8851267359@paytm
  • Phone Pe UPI ID: 8851267359@ybl
  • Google Pay: 8851267359
  • Paytm: 8851267359

Or you can do a bank transfer,

Bank Details:

  • Account Holder’s Name: Pathoj Tripathi
  • Account Number: 5010092115121
  • Bank Name: HDFC Bank
  • IFSC Code: HDFC0002092

Fees:

Registration Fee

  • Single Author: Rs. 399/-
  • Co-Author: Rs. 599/-

Awards:

  • Awards: Worth Rs. 15, 000/-
  • Winner: Cash Prize of Rs. 1500/- + Certificate of Excellence + Publication + others perks.
  • Runner-Up: Cash Prize of Rs. 1000/- + Certificate of Excellence + Publication + others perks.
  • 3rd Position – 10th Position: Certificate of Merit + Publication + other perks.
  • All the participants will get a Certificate of Participation + other perks.

Note: Other than the top 10 Articles can also be selected for free publications at JIMS Law Journal, subject to the conditions and quality of the paper. Those shortlisted articles will be announced on the date of the result.

Deadline:

July 18, 2021

Contact Information

Devashish Tiwari
Convener
+91 9711804870

Ayush Sharma
Co-Convener
+91 9871616222

Email: lawjournal.gn@jagannath.org

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Call for Papers: Christ University Law Journal on Eco-centrism in Environmental Law (No Fees): Submit by 30th June 2021

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About the Journal:

Christ University Law Journal (CULJ), ISSN 2278-4322 is a biannual peer-reviewed journal.

Call for Paper:

Theme: Imbibing Eco-centrism in Environmental Law: Scope, Challenges and the Way Forward

Law has always been used as a tool to secure human needs and wants. An anthropocentric approach is ingrained in every facet of law, and environmental law is no exception. Unfortunately, the present environmental legal regime has not been able to stymie the degradation of the environment, let alone bring about a paradigm shift in the way in which, we humans, interact with nature.

Environmental Law has been based on the wrong assumption that humans are a separate entity, living away from nature. By doing so, it has not taken into consideration the intrinsic, inherent value that exists in each and every component and thereby fails to address the real problems that plague Mother Earth.

This anthropocentric approach has already caused irretrievable damage to the environment. It is high time that we change this wrong assumption and address real concerns and bring about the much-needed thrust towards framing an eco-centric law, which treats humans as a part of nature.

To foster this line of thought one has to delve into its scope, the challenges and possible solutions which would lead to a harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

Themes:

  • Christ University Law Journal invites research paper submissions on the following sub-themes:
  • Conceptualising Environmental Law and Governance: Issues and Challenges
  • Differentiating Right to environment and Right of Environment
  • Environment Protection: Evaluating Rights and Duties
  • Extending the concept of standing
  • Eco-feminism: An Analysis
  • Deep Ecology: A panacea for environmental woes?
  • Restructuring the environmental justice delivery system: Issues and Challenges
  • Internalising customs and traditions into Environmental Law
  • The interface between environment and ethics

How to Submit?

  • Please send your articles (5000-6000) words following the guidelines mentioned in our website at the latest by 30 June 2021.
  • Kindly include the abstract of the article in 150-200 words, 5 Keywords and a summary of the CV of the author in 100-150 words.
  • The citation format to be used is The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation, Harvard Law Review (20th ed.).

To submit the call for papers, here.

Deadline: 30th June 2021.

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Call for Papers: Indraprastha Law Review (No Fees): Submit by 30th June 2021

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About ILR:

Indraprastha Law Review is an eJournal of the University School of Law and Legal Studies (USLLS) under the aegis of Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi.

It is an eco-friendly, multidisciplinary peer-reviewed e-journal with an editorial board comprising of experts from the legal field. ILR abides by its publication policies by avoiding usage of paper as much as possible.

ILR aims to promote legal research in various developing dimensions and discourse on the same. It is double-blind peer reviewed with the fundamental premise being to promote interdisciplinary research, entailing a detailed study of law and legal studies and its discourse with other disciplines. The biannual journal is being published with the objectives to provide a space to researchers, jurists, academicians and legal practitioners to express their views on topics of contemporary significance in law.

Call for Papers:

ILR solicits contributions for the Winter 2020: Vol. I Issue II in the form of articles, notes, book review and case comments on emerging areas in law.

Submission Guidelines:

  • All submissions are required to be addressed to the Editor-in-Chief, Indraprastha Law Review, University School of Law and Legal Studies, GGS IP University, Delhi – India.
  • All entries by interested parties shall be mailed to usllsiplr@ipu.ac.in by 11:59 PM, 30 June, 2021, with the subject: ILR Winter 2020: Vol. I Issue II – “Classification of Manuscript”
  • Contribution sent after the last date may be considered for Summer 2021: Vol. I Issue I subject to the quality of article and plagiarism clearance as per the UGC guidelines.
  • The copyright of the entry to the eJournal will rest with the Editorial Board once the entry has been selected and the Author(s) of the same have been notified.
  • The name of the Author(s) or any mode of identification should not be included in the manuscript. The cover letter should have the requisite contact details of the Author(s) along with an undertaking of originality form available on www.indraprasthalawreview.in
  • The Citation pattern to be uniformly followed is Journal of the Indian Law Institute https://ili.ac.in The body of the manuscript shall be in Times New Roman, size 12, 1.5 line spacing. Citations shall be in Times New Roman, size 10, single line spacing. https://www.ili.ac.in/cstyle.pdf
  • Speaking footnotes are discouraged.
  • The entries shall be accepted only in MS Word (.doc, .docx)
  • Co-Authorship of two persons is allowed.
  • The entries submitted shall be original and the plagiarism norms of the UGC shall be applicable to the submissions.
  • There is no publication fee.

Note: All the submissions shall be put to double stage blind peer review and only on the recommendations of the reviewers, the papers submitted shall be considered for e-publication. Only shortlisted manuscripts will be contacted via email. If you do not hear from us within six weeks of the deadline, please assume that your manuscript has not succeeded. Unfortunately, we will not be able to reply to individual queries about the status of their manuscript.

Theme:

The theme of Winter 2020: Vol. I Issue II is: Recent Developments in Law

Sub-themes:

  • Recently developing legal discourse (on topics like, but not restricted to, transformative constitutionalism, the effect of pandemics on legal systems, etc.)
  • Gender, culture and societal issues and their interconnection with the developing law.
  • Mental Health and the Justice System in India
  • Intellectual Property Rights and Regulatory System in India (Drug Patents, Invoking Patents Act for Covid Vaccine Production, etc.)
  • Virtual Litigation: Boon or Bane?

Please note that the above sub themes are merely indicative in nature and are not to be treated as compulsory requirements.

Criterias:

  • Book Reviews: 1000 – 2000 words.
  • Case Commentaries: 1500 – 2500 words.
  • Legislative comments: 1500 – 2500 words.
  • Articles: 5000 – 8000 words (including footnotes)

Text Formatting:

  • The length of the manuscript should not exceed 8000 words. Manuscripts shall be formatted according to the following guidelines.
  • It shall be in Microsoft word format and 1.5 line spacing.
  • All citations shall be placed in foot-notes.
  • All manuscripts should include an introduction and conclusion.
  • Number less than 100 shall be spelt out unless they are a percent (e.g., 5 percent).
  • Italics or quotes for emphasizing shall be used very sparingly.
  • Charts, graphs, etc., shall be used very sparingly.
  • Use of first person shall be avoided.
  • All pages shall be numbered.
  • It shall include an abstract of not more than 250 words, and are to be included with the final draft of paper.
  • Uniform date format shall be used (e.g., August 15, 1947).

Footnotes:

Indraprastha Law Review prefers footnotes (to endnotes) mainly because of the following reasons:

  • To identify the source of quotations or paraphrases;
  • To acknowledge indebtedness for words, phrases or ideas borrowed;
  • To explain where additional evidence or commentary may be found;
  • To provide additional material or discussion that is relevant but which would disrupt the flow of the text if it were included in the paper itself, and
  • To refer the reader to other parts of the paper
  • To enable the reader to read the reference without having to turn to the end of the text which would otherwise tend to disrupt the flow of the text and hamper smooth reading.

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