The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., is an American multinational investment bank and financial services company headquartered in New York City. It offers services in investment management, securities, asset management, prime brokerage, and securities underwriting.
About the Program
The Summer New Analyst/New Associate Program is an eight to ten-week summer program (internship) for undergraduate students. You will be fully immersed in the day-to-day activities of one of Goldman Sachs’ divisions.
The new analyst program is open to final year undergraduate students and recent graduates from any field of study and is ideally suited to those with little or no work experience. As a new analyst, you will learn a great deal about the firm and how Goldman Sachs does business. You will be working directly with internal and external clients, side-by-side with the experts in the firm.
The new associates typically have two to five years of work experience and an advanced degree such as an MBA, JD, PhD, MD or LLM. As a new associate, you will develop product-specific skills and interact closely with senior professionals and clients.
Eligibility
New Analyst: Final year undergraduate students and recent graduates from any field of study; Litle or no work-experience
New Associate: 2-5 years of work experience and an advanced degree such as an MBA, JD, PhD, MD or LLM
Nature of Roles
Full-time
Program Type
Internship: 8-10 weeks
Location
Bangalore (Bengaluru), Karnataka
Deadline
Applications for Goldman Sachs’ Summer Analyst Internship 2021 program are now open.
The deadlines vary by school. Please check your school’s careers site for specific deadlines.
Disclaimer: All information posted by us on LexPeeps is true to our knowledge. But still it is suggested that you check and confirm things on your level.
Mastercard Incorporated is an American multinational financial services corporation headquartered in the Mastercard International Global Headquarters in Purchase, New York, United States. The Global Operations Headquarters is located in O’Fallon, Missouri, United States, a municipality of St. Charles County, Missouri.
About the Opportunity
Associate Specialist, Legal Services – Privacy and Data Protection Services
The GBSC (Global Business Services Center) is the shared services organization for Mastercard. Consistent with the One LFI model, GBSC is partnering with the Law, Franchise and Integrity team to build a legal shared services function. The GBSC team is predominantly co-located in a collaborative working environment in the heart of the Mastercard Technology Operations headquartered in St. Louis, MO. Select regional hubs exist to provide additional scale and agility. The GBSC provides services to all regions and all business units spanning 50 countries.
The Specialist, Legal Services – Privacy and Data Protection Services will be part of a team of privacy legal specialists within the broader GBSC Legal Services team. This position will support Mastercard’s integrated approach to privacy and data protection and be accountable for Data Subject Access Request management, and delivering positive customer experiences and efficient business results.
Number of Vacancies
01 (One)
Roles and Responsibilities
Understand complex global privacy and data protection laws, including the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and apply legal concepts to business and data constructs and processes
Respond to Employee Data Access requests relating privacy and data protection
Ensure that the strategic and excellent communication/response is drafted and communicated
Support business and legal colleagues taking a privacy-by-design approach to ensure privacy compliance for all data driven products
Develop intern personal skills and communication channels within the organization preserving the confidentiality at all times
Provide superior customer service according to the GBSC standards in terms of quality, response time, resolution time and adhering to Service Level Objectives
Responsible for identifying and monitoring risks and issues along with mitigation strategies to minimize negative impacts on project success and facilitate and influence interactions to deliver timely decision-making.
Eligibility Criteria
Must be a minimum LLB graduate; CIPP/E or any IAPP certification will be an added advantage;
Legal experience in privacy and data protection a plus, interactive technology, working experience on Data Subject Access request rights or data driven products preferred
Skills Required
Strong privacy and data protection interest required, willingness to invest into getting up to speed with privacy and data protection laws globally quickly
Knowledge of US, European, Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific, or other non-Indian legal systems a plus
Familiarity with the financial services industry and payment processing industry, a plus.
Excellent drafting skills, Advanced negotiation skills, hands on experience in strategically responding to Government /External communications, communicating with External Counsel if required and Senior leadership with the organization,
Ability to recognize when to escalate and when to exercise independent judgement and discretion in reviewing/ negotiating contracts
Superior time management, planning, and organizational skills; demonstrated ability to manage workloads involving tasks of varying priority and complexity
Excellent legal and business acumen, strong analytical and problem-solving skills, attention to detail
Ability to collaborate with various types of stakeholders (business, lawyers, third parties such as vendors)
Positive and energetic leadership skills with focus on efficiency and team building skills
Excellent English language communication and interpersonal skills, with emphasis on collaborating with key legal and business stakeholders to negotiate and confirm legal contract terms
Demonstrated strength in customer focused service orientation
Proficient in Microsoft Word, Excel, Team, Power Point etc.
Location
Duty Station: Pune, Maharashtra
Note: Due to COVID-19, most of MasterCard’s employees are working from home. In many locations, which may change over time, we’ve implemented a virtual hiring process and continue to interview candidates by video or phone. In addition, in some locations, only individuals who have been fully vaccinated will be permitted inside Mastercard offices until further notice.
In the US, Mastercard is a government contractor, which may legally require most Mastercard employees to be vaccinated unless a verified approved medical or religious exemption is granted.
Further, MasterCard is currently making every effort towards having employees return to work in the office 2 days per week, if that makes sense for their team. Everyone must be vaccinated to enter Mastercard offices at this time. Therefore, all candidates must be vaccinated or to be approved for a medical or religious accommodation prior to commencing work at Mastercard.
Disclaimer: All information posted by us on LexPeeps is true to our knowledge. But still it is suggested that you check and confirm things on your level.
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India is a Statutory public body constituted on 12 October 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Ordinance of September 28, 1993. It was given a statutory basis by the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 (PHRA).
The NHRC is the National Human Rights Commission of India, responsible for the protection and promotion of human rights, defined by the Act as “Rights Relating To Life, liberty, equality and dignity of the individual guaranteed by the Constitution or embodied in the International Covenants and enforceable by courts in India.
About the Job Opportunity
The NHRC or National Human Rights Commission is seeking to engage for the job roles of Senior Research Consultants, Research Consultants, and Junior Research Consultants.
The National Human Rights Commission intends to prepare a panel for engagement of “Senior Research Consultants(SRCS), Research Consultants(RCS) and Junior Research Consultants(JRCS)” on short term contract basis, who have knowledge and aptitude for research and practical experience in dealing with human rights issues.
The work shall include research, analysis of data and other material, preparation of reports/status papers, notes, briefs, minutes preparation, seminars and workshops, follow up actions, modules for training and any other related work in respect of assigned subjects
Positions
Senior Research Consultants (SRCs)
Research Consultants (RCs)
Junior Research Consultants (JRCs)
Eligibility
Senior Research Consultants (SRCs)
Educational Background: Ph.D in Social Science preferably in Political Science, International relations, Social work, human rights etc. from any recognized University, with minimum 60% marks.
Age limit: Maximum 56 years of age as on the last date of receipt of application
Experience: 15 years Research Experience in any of the subjects given above from a Recognized Institution or University.
Remuneration: Rs. 1,00,000/- per month without any dearness or other allowances
Research Consultants (RCs)
Educational Background: LLB or Post-graduate in Social Science preferably in Political Science, International relations, Social work, human rights etc. from any recognized University with minimum 70% marks
Experience: 10 years Research Experience in any of the subjects given above from a Recognized Institution or University.
Age limit: Maximum 45 years of age as on the last date of receipt of application
Remuneration: Rs. 75,000/- per month without any dearness or other allowances
Junior Research Consultants (JRCs)
Educational Background: LLB or Post-graduate in Social Science preferably in Political Science, International relations, Social work, human rights etc. from any recognized University.
Age limit: Maximum 30 years of age as on the last date of receipt of application
Remuneration: Rs. 60,000/- per month without any dearness or other allowances
Application procedure
Eligible and interested candidates may send their application in the enclosed prescribed proforma (As given in the official advertisement) at Annexure-A,
by post or by hand to the Under Secretary (Estt.), National Human Rights Commission, Manav Adhikar Bhawan, ‘C’ Block, GPO Complex, New Delhi – 110023
and through e-mail at nhrcestt@nic.in,
within 30 days from the date of publication of the Advertisement in the newspaper. Applications received after the due date shall not be considered.
The applications shall include a copy of each of certificate showing date of birth and educational qualifications and one passport size photograph.
Wherever % age of marks obtained are shown in CGPA/SGPA/FGPA/CPI or any other method, documentary proof of norms adopted by the Institute/University convert the same to percentage needs to be submitted.
Selection procedure
The selection shall be on the basis a personal interview of the eligible candidates by the Selection Committee.
Details of the short-listed candidates for the personal interview shall be displayed in the website of the Commission nhrc.nic.in subsequently.
In case number of candidates is higher, the Commission reserves the right to short list the candidates on the basis of marks obtained.
The short-listed candidates should bring attested copies of (1) Identity Card (PAN Card/ Aadhar Card/Election ID Card/DL etc.), (ii) certificate showing date of birth and educational qualifications and (iii) one passport size photograph while attending the interview In the event of selection, their engagement shall be subject to verification of all original documents.
Disclaimer: All information posted by us on LexPeeps is true to our knowledge. But still it is suggested that you check and confirm things on your level.
Clifford Chance LLP is a multinational law firm headquartered in London, United Kingdom, and a member of the ‘Magic Circle’. It is one of the ten largest law firms in the world measured both by the number of lawyers and revenue.
The Forage, formerly known as Inside Sherpa, is an open-access platform designed to unlock exciting careers for students, by connecting them to company endorsed Virtual Intern programs. Not only are they free, open access, and completely online – but also CV certified and endorsed by host companies.
The Global Virtual Internship
Climate change is becoming a major business risk, and the consequences of inaction for businesses are severe.
This internship is:
Free
Entirely online
Accessible to everyone
Self-paced
Only takes approximately 5-6 hours to complete
Eligibility
Law Students
Focus of the Internship
Tasks focused on climate change risks that the clients of CC may face. You will learn how you, as a lawyer, can advise clients on how to approach such challenges.
Nature of the Internship
Free for students
Online
Self-paced
Responsibilities
Researching new climate-related laws that could impact clients if/when they enter into force
Present to a client on its duties around climate-related information reporting
Review and comment on Heads of Terms for an emissions reduction purchase agreement
Perks and Benefits
A personalized completion certificate to share with prospective employers and your professional network.
The intern can opt in to share his/her work and profile with the HR team at Clifford Chance to stand out.
Learning at his/her own pace and reach the personal goals.
Building the confidence and practical skills that employers are looking for.
Developing deep insights into what it is actually like to work at Clifford Chance.
This experience can be included on the CV and Linkedin profile. Demonstrate that you’re ambitious, hardworking and have developed valuable practical skills.
How to Apply?
Click on the ‘Register Now’ button at the end of the page. (Link of the page given at the end of this post)
Sign Up with the required information.
Get Started with the Internship!
Please Note: Check out this page to know how to use this experience in your CVs and LinkedIn Profiles.
Disclaimer: All information posted by us on LexPeeps is true to our knowledge. But still it is suggested that you check and confirm things on your level.
Altura Legal is a corporate law firm majorly rendering it’s services in the domain of Company Law, Insolvency and Bankruptcy, Recovery of Debts, RERA, contracts, etc. The firm is having principal office based in Jaipur and branches in New Delhi and Ahemdabad.
About the opportunity
Altura Legal is Looking for a fresher for office in Jaipur. Initially, he/ she will have to undergo paid assessment internship for a period of 3 months.
Area of Practice
Insolvency & Bankruptcy, Companies Act and commercial disputes.
Location
Candidate must be from Jaipur or nearby cities.
Eligibility
Final year law students in last semester may also apply.
Strong accumen in commercial understanding is expected.
Remuneration
As per market standards.
Application procedure
Interested candidate may send their resume on nitesh.law2012@gmail.com with subject- “Fresher”/ “Final Semester Law” and name of Permanent city.
Disclaimer: All information posted by us on LexPeeps is true to our knowledge. But still it is suggested that you check and confirm things on your level.
Full Service law Firm with extensive practice in the domain of commercial corporate litigation, insolvency laws and alternate dispute resolution. The Firm is representing clients before Supreme Court of India, Delhi High Court, National Company Law Tribunals throughout the country, National Company Law Appellate Tribunal, District Courts, and other Fora. Also, advising, a broad range of clients both Individual and corporates on issues pertaining to Insolvency and Bankruptcy, Oppression & Mismanagement, Restoration & Revival of Companies, Mergers & Acquisitions and General Corporate matters. Initiated and defended litigations involving various categories of Civil Disputes concerning Banking, Education, Defamation, Trademark, Property and so forth.
Vacancies
3/4 Interns
Location
F-70, Kalkaji, New Delhi- 110019
Eligibility
Preferably from the 3rd-5th year
Requirements
Enthusiastic, diligent and hardworking and reliable Interns with good grasp over language and comprehension.
Area of Work
Litigation Drafting pleadings and agreements Observing proceedings Attending client meetings
Disclaimer: All information posted by us on LexPeeps is true to our knowledge. But still it is suggested that you check and confirm things on your level.
The Centre for Intellectual Property Studies (CIPS), started in 2008 under the aegis of National Law University Jodhpur, aims to update the society and industry on core issues such as the growth in IPR violations, amongst others. CIPS also aims at suggesting amendments and efficient implementation of IP to the Government of India and monitoring the design and dissemination of various courses and programmes pertaining to intellectual property rights training and research. The Centre has conducted a variety of activities since it has gone online including webinars, guest lectures, panel discussions, certificate courses, and so on in the field of IPR with a myriad of distinguished guests.
CIPS also has an academic writing wing viz. The NLUJ-CIPS Blog. The Blog regularly publishes articles in the field of IP and functions in a structured manner much like a journal.
About the Essay Writing Competition 2022
The Centre for Intellectual Property Studies (CIPS), National Law University, Jodhpur is inviting submissions for the “NLUJ CIPS Inter College IP Research Essay Writing Competition, 2022”.
Theme
“IP and Youth: Innovating for a better future”
Eligibility
All students from first to third year pursuing 5 years undergraduate law degrees OR third-year students pursuing 3 years undergraduate law degrees, from any law school/university/college recognized by the Bar Council of India are eligible to participate in the Competition.
Submission Guidelines:
The word limit for the essay is 1500 words. The word limit is exclusive of the footnotes.
Formatting Guidelines: Times New Roman; Size 12; Justified; 1.5 spacing.
Footnoting Guidelines: Times New Roman; Size 10; Justified; 1 spacing.
All the submissions must be original and unpublished work of the author(s). All the submissions will be checked for plagiarism and those with plagiarism percentage over the permissible limit (i.e., 20%) will be summarily rejected.
Disclosure of information regarding the identity of the author(s), including, but not limited to name, institutional assistance, professional details, etc., within the body of the manuscript or other properties of the document submitted is strictly prohibited. Any violation of the anonymity requirement will lead to disqualification of the manuscript for the purposes of the competition.
The participation fees for the competition are Rs. 150/- (inclusive of GST).
Co-authorship is not permitted.
The ownership over the copyright of the essay published on the CIPS Blog will be transferred to the CIPS Blog and the author shall still retain the moral rights over their work.
In case of any dispute, the decision of the organizers will be final and binding. The Centre retains absolute discretion in marking the manuscript.
Prizes:
First Prize: Rs. 5000 & publication in the CIPS Blog
Second Prize: Rs. 3000 & publication in the CIPS Blog
Third Prize: Rs. 2000 & publication in the CIPS Blog
Important Dates:
Last date of submission of essays: March 10th, 2022
Date of Announcement of Results: April 26th, 2022 (World IP Day)
Payment Guidelines:
Last date of payment of registration fee: March 11th, 2022
Disclaimer: All information posted by us on LexPeeps is true to our knowledge. But still, it is suggested that you check and confirm things on your level.
Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT) was constituted to develop higher education, and research in applied science, technology, industry, humanities, and commerce, has consecutively been figured in the Times Higher Education World Ranking since 2017. CUSAT has also found its place in the QS World University Ranking and the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) of the Indian Government, reaccredited with NAAC ‘A Grade’.
About the MUN 2022
CUSAT has conducted two successful MUN conferences, CUSAT opens its arms to delegates across the nation to join for its 3rd edition.
Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT) in its 50th glorious year, presents the 3rd edition of the CUSAT Model United Nations ( CUSATMUN ), to be held on 25th – 27th of March 2022.
This event is organized by the Department of Youth Welfare of the Cochin University of Science and Technology.
The Inaugural Edition of the CUSAT Model United Nations was held on 8th-10th of February 2019 with 200+ participants from across the country, making it one of the largest institutional MUN conferences in Kerala.
This year we introduce a new committee; COP 27, that aims to combat the dangerous human interferences with the climate system. The new perspective and proactive approach to Climate Change is set to be a hot topic of debate and aims to endeavor future leaders to take action.
For more details regarding the Committees and their respective Agenda, please refer to the official Delegate Brochure given.
Committees for CUSAT MUN 2022
UN General Assembly: Disarmament and International Security Council (UNGA DISEC)
United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC)
All India Political Parties Meet (AIPPM)
Crisis Committee
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 27)
International Press
Eligibility
All school students as well as those pursuing their Undergraduate, Post-graduate and those who have already completed their graduation are eligible to compete.
Location
The MUN will take place at the Cochin University of Science and Technology ( CUSAT ) campus in Kochi
In case if anyone has any concerns or queries with regard to the registration process can reach out to the contacts mentioned below
Fee Details (if any)
The delegate registration fee stands at Rs.1600/-
The registration fee for school students stands at Rs. 1200/-
The registration fees for In House delegates (Students of CUSAT) also stands at Rs.1200/-
Those delegates who wish to avail accommodation will have to pay extra charges (the respective delegate would be reached out to as and when needed by the Hospitality team)
Prizes (if any)
The total prize pool is worth up to Rs.1,00,000/-
Cash prizes will be awarded for the top delegates of each committee which shall include
Best Delegate
Best Reporter
Best Photographer
High Commendation
Cash prizes will also be awarded for the other top delegates in each committee.
Those topping each committee shall also be awarded certificates of merit.
Important Dates
February 28, 2022: Deadline for Round 1 of Delegate Applications
March 14, 2022: Deadline for Round 2 of Delegate Applications
March 21, 2022: Deadline for Round 3 of Delegate Applications
Mohammed Zaman (Under Secretary General): +91 8330040811
Gouri N (Under Director General): +91 9446972955
Vivek V Nair (USG Outreach): +91 7356551163
Disclaimer: All information posted by us on LexPeeps is true to our knowledge. But still, it is suggested that you check and confirm things on your level.
SAGE University Indore is where technology, innovation and entrepreneurship come together to create a dynamic learning environment. Established by the legendary- The SAGE Group of central India and awarded as the best emerging university in central India.
SAGE University Indore was set up as a private university by the Madhya Pradesh private university act in 2007.
About MUN
SAGE Model United Nations (SMUN) 2022 is an intellectual two-day conference that brings together an amazing array of young minds from across India as delegates to promote healthy discussion and debate on some of very grave problems and obstacles engulfing the world and provide approachable solution to the same and to have a meaningful deliberation in a high-intensity, professional environment.
Here they discuss some political, social and economic challenges that the world is facing right now and over the years and together we find rational and feasible solutions to the problems.
SMUN is here to gain a better understanding of the world and the functioning of the United Nations. Participants develop crucial skills throughout the conference in every domain, some of which are diplomacy, leadership, teamwork, public speaking, and negotiation.
SAGE- MUN believes that Model United Nations conferences have the power to better the world by spreading a certain degree of awareness and by acting upon the ideals of the United Nations. We invite you to experience this extraordinary power yourself at SAGE- MUN 2022.
Committee
1. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 2. World Health Organization(WHO) 3. United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women( UN-WOMEN) 4. Disarmament and International Security Committee(DISEC) 5. All India Political Parties Meet (AIPPM)
Agendas
1. UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)
In the mid of covid-19 how education sector got affected: Enhancing effective online/offline quality of education It deals with the negative/positive aspect of covid-19 on the education of children and how it is affecting the future opportunities and learning method of students. So, Delegates are required to find a flexible way of providing quality education with more engagement, interest, and opportunities for the students.
2. WHO (World Health Organization)
Mental health action plans due to effect of pandemic: Promoting care and treatment Infection, reduce access to family friends, losing job, close ones, financial issues and other social systems has increasing mental issues like anxiety and depression, suicide and many more. So, Delegates are required to find a new technique to reduce the mental stress among people and help them to live a happy lifestyle with the full potential of their mental presence.
3. UN Women (United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women)
Ensuring gender equality by alleviating discrimination against women: Gender equality prevents violence against women and girls that is why we need gender equality urgently. It is essential for the achievement of human rights for all. Yet discriminatory laws against women persist in every corner of the globe. So, Delegates are required to find ways to eliminate gender discrimination through advisory services, analysis, conducts and research. And how to raise awareness and mobilizing support for anti-discrimination measures, such as legislation, policies and programmes.
4. DISEC (Disarmament and International Security Committee)
Combating the potential uses of biowarfare and bioterrorism as a threat to international peace and security: Increasing fear that biological weapons may be used against military and civilian populations is fostering efforts to develop adequate protective response strategies. The threat of biological warfare and bioterrorism is significant. So, Delegates are required to present several major efforts that are currently underway to deter biological weapons programs, to make it harder for terrorists to acquire the materials for developing biological weapons, and to build a biodefense infrastructure that will protect military personnel and the public from biological weapons.
5. AIPPM (All India Political Parties Meet)
Discuss on the role of spyware in the light of Pegasus: Pegasus was capable of reading text messages, tracking calls, collecting passwords, location tracking, accessing the target device’s microphone and camera, and harvesting information from apps. Pegasus is now at the Center of a global collaborative investigative project that has found that the spyware was used to target, among others, hundreds of mobile phones in India.
Farm Laws
The Indian agriculture acts of 2020, often referred to as the Farm Acts are three acts initiated by the Parliament of India in September 2020. After having been approved by the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, the President of India gave his assent to the bills on 27 September 2020. So, Delegates are required to deliberate on Pegasus spyware and several measures to protect one’s digital life and on the constitutionality of the Farms Laws with special emphasis on the Farmers protests.
Eligibility
The event is open for all the college, university, and school students whose age is more than 15 years.
Location
Indore, Madhya Pradesh ( offline)
How to Register?
Delegates willing to register for SAGE- MUN must fill out the registration form available here.
Disclaimer: All information posted by us on LexPeeps is true to our knowledge. But still, it is suggested that you check and confirm things on your level.
Order VII Rule 11(a) & 11(d), CPC, Section 73AA of Land Revenue Code, The Limitation Act, 1963
Cases Referred
Vidyadhar v. Manikrao [(1999) 3 SCC 573], Chandrashankar Manishankar vs. Abhla Mathur and others [AIR (39) 1952 Bombay 56]
Introduction
In Dahiben v. Arvindbhai Kalyanji Bhanusali & Ors., the Supreme Court of India stated that mere non-payment of the full amount of consideration cannot be held as a ground for cancellation of sale deed.
Factual Background
The Supreme Court was considering an appeal from a Division Bench of the Gujarat High Court, which had upheld the Trial Court’s judgment admitting an O7R11 application and ruling that the Appellants’ complaint was prohibited by limitation. In the recent case, the plaintiff owned a piece of agricultural property in the hamlet of Mota Varachha, Surat Sub-District. According to Section 73AA of the Land Revenue Code, the land was subject to restricted tenure. The Plaintiffs applied to the collector of the district for permission to sell the property to Respondent 1. The collector allowed the property to be sold and set the sale price according to the jantri issued by the State Government. The purchaser was required to pay via cheque, with a reference to the payment in the Sale Deed. The plaintiffs sold the property to respondent 1 after obtaining all necessary permissions. Respondent 1 issued 36 cheques for the payment of Rs.1,74,02,000 towards the sale considerations in the favour of Plaintiff.
Later, Respondent No. 1 got the Land from Plaintiff and sold it to a group of third parties, comprising Respondents Nos. 2 and 3, in a transaction dated April 1, 2013, for Rs.2,01,00,000.
The Plaintiff filed a suit before the Principal Civil Judge of Surat in December 2014, more than five years after the Sale Deed was executed, alleging that the sale consideration for the Land had not been paid in full by Respondent No.1 and praying, inter alia (among other things), that the Sale Deed is declared void, illegal, and ineffective. Respondents No. 2 and 3 were impleaded in the complaint since the Land had already been sold to them and was in their possession at the time the suit was filed.
The Plaintiffs claimed that they were completely illiterate, unable to read or write, and could only make a thumb imprint on the Sale Deed dated 02.07.2009. The Sale Deed was gotten without full consideration being paid. Just Rs. 40,000 had been paid through six checks by Respondent No. 1, and the rest 30 checks adding up to Rs. 1,73,62,000 were false checks.
On the grounds that the Suit was precluded by limitation and that no cause of action had been disclosed in the plaint, the Respondent filed an Application for Rejection of the Plaint under O7R11 (Application for Rejection).
The Trial Court determined that the time restriction for filing the lawsuit was three years from the date of the sale deed’s execution on July 2, 2009. The Trial Court further highlighted that the lawsuit was filed on December 15, 2014, and so was time-barred. The Trial Court dismissed the lawsuit and granted the Application for rejection. The Appellants sought an appeal with the Gujarat High Court after being aggrieved by the Trial Court’s decision, which in turn upheld the decision. As a result, Plaintiff petitioned the Supreme Court to set aside the High Court’s decision.
Issues Raised
Whether non-payment of the part of sale consideration is a ground for cancellation of registered sale deed?
Whether the case filed by Plaintiff is barred by the Limitation Act?
SC Analysis and Judgment
The Supreme Court outlined the law that applies while determining an application under Order VII Rule 11 CPC. The court cited Vidyadhar v. Manikrao1 and Section 54 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882, saying that the words “price paid or promised or part paid and part promised” indicate that actual payment of the entire price at the time of the execution of the Sale Deed is not a sine qua non for the sale to be completed. The Court stated that in the Plaint, the Plaintiffs established a case of claimed non-payment of a portion of the selling consideration and requested relief of cancellation of the Sale Deed on this basis. Even in case, the whole purchase price is not paid, as long as the paperwork is registered and signed, the sale is done, and the title transfers to the transferee under the transaction. If a portion of the sale price is not paid, the transaction’s validity is unaffected. The parties must intend to transfer ownership of the property in exchange for a price that can be paid now or in the future to be regarded as a sale. The Plaintiffs might have other remedies in law for recovery of the equity consideration but could not be allowed the relief of cancellation of the registered Sale Deed.
Further, the SC held that Plaintiff’s claim that it first learned of the alleged fraud in 2014 after receiving the index of the Sale Deed was completely false because receiving the index would not be a cause of action for initiating the complaint. It was also noted that Plaintiff had omitted the date of execution and registration of the Sale Deed on purpose. As a result, it determined that the present case was a classic situation in which the Plaintiffs tried to build up an artificial cause of action to bring the claim within limitation by skillful writing of the plaint and that it should be dismissed at the threshold.
In Chandrashankar Manishankar vs. Abhla Mathur and Ors.2, it was held that the document’s recital indicating payment of the consideration may be false, but it doesn’t make the document invalid. The entire amount does not have to be paid for the sale to be effective, since Section 54 of the Transfer of Property Act stipulates that the price may be paid or pledged in whole or in part. The Court further concluded that if the consideration was not paid but the document demonstrates that there was an intention to pay, the document is not declared invalid because the consideration was not paid. If, on the other hand, there was no intention of paying any consideration, the document is null and void.
The bench so on held that the Plaintiffs’ current lawsuit is a misuse of the court’s procedure and devoid of any merit. In light of the foregoing discussion, the instant Civil Appeal is rejected, with costs of Rs. 1,00,000/- payable by the Appellant to Respondents Nos. 2 and 3 within twelve weeks of this Judgment’s date.
Conclusion
In the recent case, the court determined the fact that the parties should not waste the time of the court as already there is a huge number of cases pending before the court and the lawyers of the parties should reject the plaint at the threshold if it does not disclose any cause of action. Plaintiff should be diligent in safeguarding its legal rights and making sure that legal actions are started before the statute of limitations runs out. In addition, the plaintiff should make certain that the plaint is well constructed in order to highlight important problems. If the ownership of the property has been transferred to the other party, even if the money has not been paid in whole or in half, the party has no right to launch a lawsuit against the other, claiming that the contract is void or illegitimate. If the plaint is submitted beyond the deadline if the averments do not reveal a valid cause of action, the Courts will not hesitate to dismiss the case.
Citations
(1999) 3 SCC 573
AIR (39) 1952 Bombay 56
Analysis by Hemant Bohra student at School of Law, Lovely Professional University, Punjab.
