Month: July 2022

INTRODUCTION

Recently in May 2022, the Supreme Court decided to put a stay on the proceedings of sedition until the center reviews the age-old sedition law which includes treason. Treason is considered to be one of the gravest crimes ever committed. According to the Black’s law dictionary, “Treason is an offense of attempting by overt acts to overthrow the government of the state to which the offender owes allegiance; or of betraying the state into the hands of a foreign power.”

In general, the term treason can be defined as an act done against the government to overthrow it. For instance, when a militant or a diplomat of a nation carries information about his own nation to the enemy country, the act can be called Treason. The person who commits the act is known as a traitor. Treason is considered to be one of the gravest crimes and the UN also agrees with that. India covers the punishment for the offence ‘Treason’ under section 124 A of the Indian Penal Code. Though the terms sedition and treason are a bit different from each other, treason is included.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TREASON & SEDITION

The term Sedition is the offence performed against the status quo. It is considered to be a challenge against the government or an establishment. The act threatens the government or individuals in power and treason is an act that threatens the whole nation. Treason can be said a violation of one’s allegiance to one’s sovereign. However, the difference between the meanings of treason and sedition has blurred and now sedition also includes an act of terrorism and violation of public safety. The act of treason also comes under sedition laws.

TREASON LAW IN INDIA

Treason is codified under section 124A of Indian Penal Code, 1860. According to the section, Sedition is defined as “Whoever by words, either spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representation, or otherwise, brings or attempts to bring into hatred or contempt, or excites or attempts to excite disaffection towards, the Government established by law in India, shall be punished with [imprisonment for life], to which fine may be added, or with imprisonment which may extend to three years, to which fine may be added, or with fine.”

The sedition law was firstly included by Lord McCaulay in the Indian Penal Code during the British era to stop the protests and revolts against the governance of the Crown and to punish the people or the officers betraying the government or the nation. The leaders like Gandhiji, Maulana Azad, Mohammed Ali and Shaukat, etc., were penalized for revolting against the British government to gain freedom for India.

One of the most notable trials was Queen Empress v. Bal Gangadhar Tilak¹. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was arrested for writing articles in Kesari, a Marathi newspaper. He mentioned the bombings by the British officials and the unbearable violence caused by them. He further stated that this is the main reason behind the demand for Swaraj. Despite his logical and valid arguments, he was convicted and was sentenced a 6-year imprisonment and was fined Rs. 1000.

After the independence, the Constituent Assembly debated a lot regarding the inclusion of sedition. Sedition is an obstruction to the freedom of speech and expression which is guaranteed by the Constitution. However, many of the members have vehemently disagreed about it. During Indira Gandhi’s governance, sedition had become a cognizable offence in 1973 and it was decided that the police can arrest without a warrant in this offence.

It was stated by Supreme Court in Romesh Thapar v. State of Madras², “Criticizing the government that arouses disaffection or bad feelings toward it, is not to be regarded as a justifying ground for restricting the freedom of expression and the press, unless it is such that it undermines the security of or tends to overthrow the state.” Justice Patanjali Shastri justified the liberal interpretation of the legislation by pointing out that the Constituent Assembly had left the word “sedition” out of the Constitution.

THE RELEVANCE OF THE TREASON LAW CURRENTLY

As aforementioned along with the cases cited above, the treason law i.e., Section 124A has been included by the British to suppress the protests against them. There have been many instances where section 124 A was used as a defense mechanism by the ruling government in India against the people who have spoken against them. The section is being used by the government to intimidate the journalists, activists, etc., to speak out their opinions.

Ram Nandan v. State of Uttar Pradesh³ was the initial case to address the constitutionality of Section 124A. The Allahabad High Court ruled that Section 124A of the IPC was extra vires in nature and infringed upon Article 19(1)(a). In Kedar Nath Singh v. State of Bihar⁴ (1962), the constitutionality of Section 124-A was further contested before a Supreme Court Constitution Bench, with the main contention being that it violated Article 19(1)(a) of the Indian Constitution. The Allahabad High Court’s verdict was overturned by the Supreme Court, which stated that no crime of sedition is proved under Section 124-A until the statements, whether spoken or written, have the power to alter or disturb public order by the use of violence. Unless the remarks are likely to incite violence, there is no offense.

In the recent National Crime Records Bureau (NRCB), the number of sedition cases from 2015 to 2020 is 356 and the number of people arrested under sedition are 548. Out of the registered cases, only 6 were convicted. The data regarding the sedition cases filed reports were collected and presented by NCRB since the formation of Narendra Modi’s government in 2014. When compared to the earlier stages of government, the cases of sedition which have been filed have reduced. It has also been observed that the ruling party has been misusing section 124A to its benefit.

The following are a few case laws:

In the case of Vinod Dua v. Union of India⁵, a First Information Report (FIR) was filed against a journalist named Vinod Dua for presenting the communal riots in Delhi on his YouTube channel. It was stated in the FIR that Prime Minister Narendra Modi had used terror incidents to obtain votes and also depicted the PPE kit unavailability during COVID-19 and also regarding the shipment of ventilators and sanitizers. Mr. Vinod Dua was arrested for causing public dissatisfaction and panic among the individuals who were supposed to be on lockdown due to the increasing number of cases under sections 124A and 505 of IPC.

The Supreme Court stated that the news that Mr. Vinod Dua has put forth had odd allegations charged against him. The court stated that it was Mr. Vinod’s job as a journalist to state the facts even regarding the migrants’ issues. The Hon’ble court further stated that the citizens have the right to criticize the actions of the government and the officials as long as their criticism doesn’t disturb the law and order in the nation. Hence, the allegations against him were levied.

Further, in the case of Rajat Sharma v. Union of India⁶, Farooq Abdullah in an interview by The Wire stated “whatever they are doing at LAC in Ladakh is all because of the abrogation of Article 370, which they never acknowledged, I am hopeful that Article 370 would be reinstated in J&K with their help”. He further talked about the restoration of Article 370 with China’s support. It was also stated by him that Indians do not want to be in India anymore and they would rather be dominated by the Chinese. 

The petitioners filed a case against Farooq Abdullah stating that he had amounted to a seditious act under section 124A of IPC, 1860. It was claimed by the petitioners that Mr. Abdul Farooq had persuaded the citizens of Jammu and Kashmir to join China. The Supreme Court of India, with a three-judge bench, had imposed a fine of Rs.50,000 on petitioners for filing a PIL against the CM of J&K. The bench further stated that any opinion or statement which differs from the center cannot be called seditious.

In the most recent case Disha A. Ravi v. State (NCT Delhi)⁷, also known as the Toolkit case, the climate activist Disha Ravi and another were issued non-bailable warrants for the two individuals. They were accused of supporting the pro-Khalistan organizations and stated that the toolkit was to defame India for the three farm legislations. The High court of Delhi stated that Disha had engaged in a peaceful protest and in a democratic nation, citizens can’t be imprisoned just on basis of disagreement or divergence of opinion with the policies of the government. Further, it was stated that the right to speech can be exercised by the global audience.

CHALLENGES FACED BY THE CITIZENS

From the cases mentioned above, it can be inferred that there are many circumstances in which the ruling government is using Section 124A of IPC, 1860 as a weapon against people showing dissent. During the Citizenship Amendment Act enactment, there were many protests all over India against the bill from being passed by the Parliament. Around 3,872 people all over India in 26 cases relating to anti-CAA protests from 2017 to 2021.

Even in the case of Farm Bills, a huge number of farmers have come upon the streets protesting for their rights being violated due to the new farm laws which are yet to be formed. More than 100 Farmers were arrested under Sedition, section 124 A of IPC in Haryana. The first amendment of the Constitution of India has included the Fundamental right of freedom of speech and expression under Article 19(1)(A). India’s first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru has also stated that it was better to remove the sedition law as soon as possible from the Penal Code.

CONCLUSION

The Higher Courts of India have defined Sedition many times in numerous cases. With the increase in the number of cases during the subsequent years, the Supreme Court of India has decided to review and renew the colonial law. The sedition law in India is important to ensure peaceful governance in India. However, it disturbs the fundamental right to speech and expression where people are being charged for merely expressing their negative views and dissent towards the governmental policies.

India is a democratic nation and the curbing of the fundamental rights of the citizens is a violation of the Constitution itself. However, there is an exception for that too. The views of the individual or peaceful protest against the governmental policies can’t be amounted to sedition according to the Supreme Court. There is a dire need for the nation to stop the authorities in power to take advantage of section 124-A of IPC, 1860.

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REFERENCES

¹ Queen Empress v. Bal Gangadhar Tilak, (1917) 19 BOMLR 211.

² Romesh Thapar v. State of Madras, AIR 1950 SC 124.

³ Ram Nandan v. State of Uttar Pradesh, AIR 1959 All 101.

⁴ Kedar Nath Singh v. State of Bihar, 1962 AIR 955.

⁵ Vinod Dua v. Union of India, 2021.

⁶ Rajat Sharma v. Union of India, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 162.

⁷ Disha A. Ravi v. State (NCT Delhi), W.P. (C) 2297/2021.

This article is written by K. Mihira Chakravarthy, 1^st year, B.A. L.L.B. student of Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law University (DSNLU).

SUCCESSION LAWS

Succession essentially refers to the division of a dead person’s property. It refers to the sequence in which assets are transferred from one person to another, and also how much portion a specific member of the family receives upon the death of the individual. Corporate personalities with a continuous existence are excluded by succession rules in India. Succession, also known as Inheritance, is not just a stream of revenue for many people, but it is also a sign of familial lineage in Indian culture. Awareness of inheritance rules would be beneficial for all legal heirs in order to avoid any litigation squabbles, family disputes, or asset frauds.

WHO IS A LEGAL HEIR?

A legal heir is somebody who is supposed to receive property shares through a will or a Succession Act. As a result, a legal heir is an individual who, either by law or by will, claims his or her ancestor’s property. An inheritance is a piece of a deceased person’s estate given to an heir.

There are two primary methods for succession:

1. By Testamentary Succession, which occurs when the deceased leaves a testament naming specific successors to his property.

2. By Intestate Succession, when the deceased hasn’t left a will, the law ruling the dead (as per his religion) steps in and decides how his estate will be distributed.

When a person is dead without a will, he or she is said to have died intestate, and the assets are dispersed by a probate court.

In the present article, we are going to discuss the Succession laws that are applied amongst the Christians and the Parsis. Just like Hindu and Muslim religions, every other religion governs its property affairs with its own set of laws and rules. Hindu law is governed by Hindu Succession Act, 1956, and the Muslim religion is governed by Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937. Similarly, Christians and the Parsis are governed by the Indian Succession Act, of 1925.

CHRISTIAN LAWS OF SUCCESSION

The deceased’s religion determines who inherits his estate. The Indian Succession Act of 1925 essentially deals with the group of legal heirs who are eligible to inherit the deceased’s estate after his death. Considering domicile is a key criterion for defining succession laws affecting Christians in India, there is a wide range of rules of succession controlling Christians in India. For example, until January 1986, Christians in Kerala were controlled by two separate Acts: people domiciled in Cochin were managed by the Cochin Christian Succession Act, 1921, while those domiciled in Travancore were controlled by the Travancore Christian Succession Act, 1916. Both two Acts have already been repealed, and Christians who were previously regulated by these laws are now regulated by the general framework of succession under Indian Succession Act, 1925. However, in particular taluks, Protestant and Tamil Christians, for instance, are still ruled by their distinct rules. Christians in Goa and the Union Territories of Daman and Diu are regulated by the Portuguese Civil Code, 1867, whereas Christians in Pondicherry may be managed by the French Civil Code, 1804 (such Christians are known as “Renoncants”).

S. 2(d) of the Act defines an “Indian Christian” as follows: “Indian Christian” denotes a native of India who is, or alleges to be, of unmixed Asiatic heritage and practices any form of Christianity.

This was explained further in the case of Abraham v. Abraham, when the extent of this notion of an “Indian Christian” was defined in terms of its actual use. This decision established that a Hindu who converts to Christianity is no longer subject to Hindu law (customary or otherwise), and any ongoing obligatory force that Hindu law may have exercised over him is relinquished. Nonetheless, despite having converted from the old religion to the new one, he was given the option of allowing the old law to persist to affect him.

Sections 31 to 49 of the Indian Succession Act of 1925 govern this. As per Section 32, a Christian’s legal heirs are:

• Wife (Widow)
• Son
• Daughter
• Father
• Mother
• Brother
• Sister
• The direct bloodline (Such as son and his father, grandfather and great- grandfather)
• Under the third degree of kinship, if a person dies without leaving a will and only his great-grandfather, an uncle, and a nephew are remaining, no one will take equal shares with direct kindred.

The idea of kindred and consanguinity is introduced in Section 24 of the Act, which defines it as “the link or relationship of persons derived from the same source or same ancestry.” S. 25 defines ‘lineal consanguinity as a lineage in a direct relationship. This category includes relatives who are descended from each other or the same single origin.

S. 26 defines ‘collateral consanguinity’ as the situation in which two people are sprung from the same line or genetic basis but not in a straight line. It is worth noting that the rule for Christians makes no distinction between relationships via the father and those through the mother. If the intestate’s relations on both the father and mother sides are equitably linked, they are all qualified to succeed and will share equally. Furthermore, there is no differentiation between full-blood/half-blood/uterine relatives; and a posthumous kid is recognized as a child who was present when the intestate died, as long as the child was born alive and was in the womb so when the intestate died.

Christian law doesn’t quite acknowledge children born outside of marriage; it only recognizes legal marriages. Furthermore, polygamous marriages are not permitted. The Act’s Sections 33, 33-A, and 34 control transfer to the widow. They agree that if the dead has both a widow and lineal descendants, she will receive one-third of his wealth, while the remaining two-thirds will go to the remainder. If the widow remains surviving, the lineal descendants will receive two-thirds of the property; if she is not, they will receive the entire inheritance. Per capita (equal division of shares) is applicable if they are related to the deceased to the same degree. This is in accordance with Sections 36-40 of the Act.

Part VI of the Indian Succession Act of 1925 addresses testamentary succession. S. 59 states that any person mentally sound who is not a minor may part off his estate through a will. The interpretations of this Section substantially broaden the scope of testamentary disposal of an estate by saying unequivocally that married women, as well as deaf/dumb/blind people who are not consequently disabled to form a will, are all permitted to dispose of their asset by will. The method also requires mental clarity and abstinence from alcohol or disease that renders a person failing to comprehend what he is doing.

LAWS OF INHERITANCE FOR PARSIS

Sections 50 – 56 of the Indian Succession Act of 1925 deal with Parsi inheritance laws. There is no difference between the rights of the widow and widower, as it is in Christian inheritance law. The laws for Parsis are extremely ambiguous. A small group of Parsi Zoroastrians in India, whose religious objectives as well as their existence as citizens must be protected in order to ensure stability as citizens of India, and who, according to the Indian Constitution, resemble a specific culture. The Legislature’s stirring up of the issue of the Uniform Civil Code in India has caused alarm for these Parsi Zoroastrians, which will influence their succession rights. According to the Indian Succession Act, 1925, section 54, a Parsi person has the following legal heirs:

• Father
• Mother
• Full brother
• Full sister
• Paternal grandparents
• Maternal grandparents
• Children of maternal grandparents and their lineal descendants
• Children of paternal grandparents and their lineal descendants
• Parents of paternal grandparents
• Parents of maternal grandparents
• Children of paternal grandparents’ parents and their lineal descendants
• Children of maternal grandparents’ parents and their lineal descendants

A widow or widower of an intestate who marries again during the intestate’s lifetime receives no portion. The only exception to this rule would be the intestate’s mother and paternal grandmother, who would receive a portion even if they remarried during the intestate’s lifetime.

SUCCESSION PRINCIPLES COMMON FOR CHRISTIANS AND PARSIS      

• Illegitimate child’s rights: Christian and Parsi law do not recognize people who were born outside of marriage and only handle legal weddings (Raj Kumar Sharma vs. Rajinder Nath Diwan). Thus, the relationship referred to in various parts of the Succession Act about Christian and Parsi succession is the tie resulting from legitimate matrimony.
• The law does not distinguish between ties via the father and those through the mother for Christians and Parsis. In circumstances where both the father and mother sides are evenly linked to the heir, all those relations are entitled to succeed and will give equally. Additionally, there is no distinction between full-blood, half-blood, and uterine relationships; and a posthumous kid is considered the same as a child alive when the intestate died, provided the child was born alive, and was in the womb so when the intestate died.
• Testamentary Succession: Applicable to both Christians and Parsis.
• Wills and Codicils: Any individual of sound mind who is not a minor has the power to dispose of his estate by a Will. Thus, a married woman or other individuals who are deaf, dumb, or blind are not prohibited from making a Will if they are aware of what it accomplishes. As a result, the only people who are barred from making Wills are those who are in an unfit frame of consciousness due to intoxication, disease, or other factors.
•  Testamentary Guardian: A father has the power, by Will, to designate a guardian or guardian for his minor child.
•  Revocation of Will by Testator’s Marriage: All types of wills are canceled by marriage that occurs after the Will is made.
• Privileged and Unprivileged Wills: Unprivileged Wills are those that meet the necessary conditions outlined in Section 63 of the Succession Act, while Privileged Wills are those that are executed in accordance with Section 66 of the Succession Act.
•  Bequests to religious and charitable causes: Section 118 of the Succession Act (which applies to Christians and not Parsis) states that no man with a nephew or niece or any nearer relative shall have the power to pass down any property to religious or charitable purposes unless by a Will implemented not less than 12 months before his death, and stashed within six months from its implementation and operation in some place provided by law for the secure storage of the Wills of living peasants. The Supreme Court ruled that the aforementioned condition was unconstitutional, thus Christians and Parsis can give their possessions to philanthropy without being restricted by it.
• Probate-In the event of a Parsi’s death after the Act’s inception, a probate is required if the will in issue is created or the property entrusted under the will is located within the “ordinary original civil jurisdiction” of Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay, and also where such wills are created beyond these limits insofar as they correspond to immovable property located within those limits.

Christians: A Christian is not required to get probate of his Will.

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

The inheritance regulations that must be obeyed are heavily influenced by the faith that the intestate professes at the moment of his or her death. The complexity of succession rules in India as a result of the various religions in use has made succession laws even more challenging. However, regardless of faith, the primary goal of intestate succession rules is to distribute property to legitimate successors without causing family feuds. The succession laws of the faith professed by the individual who died intestate dictate who all qualify as lawful heirs and their order of preference. As a result, understanding the laws relevant to a person creating a will or organizing the inheritance of his estate requires a thorough understanding of the intestate’s faith.

The Indian Succession Act of 1925, which is the law of the land in terms of intestate and testamentary succession, must evolve with the passing years and civilization. Keeping several biased outdated rules in place goes against the principles of the Constitution. Women’s right to inheritance is important for socioeconomic and political development, yet women are frequently denied equal rights to inheritance due to a deeply established patriarchal system. Women’s status could be improved further by granting them similar rights in the property. The repeal of gender discriminatory elements from the Indian Succession Act, of 1925 would go a great way toward improving the situation of women, particularly Christian women, who constitute the majority of the community regulated by the Act.

Kerala Law Commission’s 104th Report on the Law of Intestate Succession Among Christians in Kerala,   submitted under the chairmanship of T.R. Balakrishna Iyer, strongly endorsed laying down uniform rules of intestate succession for all Christians without exception, taking its cue from the Christian Succession Acts (Repeal) Bill, 1958, under which Kerala Government itself had realized the need for uniform law for intestate succession among Christians. It opined that the continuation of separate laws of succession over various places violated the principle of equality enshrined in Articles 14 and 15 of the Constitution. The adoption of a uniform rule of intestate succession would indeed be a move forward towards the establishment of a Uniform Civil Code, as contemplated by the Constitution’s Directive Principles.

India is a religiously multicultural country, and its constitution grants equal treatment to all religions. Keeping up with the plethora of succession rules, on the other hand, may be rather difficult and time-consuming for both the average man and law enforcement. As every citizen of India, regardless of creed, race, or customs, is given equal recognition in fundamental rights, a uniform code of succession laws among all religions guided throughout the country would facilitate a better understanding and application of rules for both the common man and law enforcers.

CITATIONS AND REFERENCES

1. AIR 1987 Del 323.
2. Archana Mishra, ‘Breaking Silence – Christian Women’s Inheritance Rights under Indian Succession Act 1925’, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291349382_Breaking_Silence_-_Christian_Women’s_Inheritance_Rights_Under_Indian_Succession_Act_1925/link/56a1d5a108ae27f7de26952a/download .

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This article is written by Ajita Dixit, who graduated from ILS, Dehradun, and presently pursuing Masters in Law.

ArbDossier in conjunction with WBNUJS Kolkata ADR Society is conducting a two-day online training session on “Arbitration Agreements” on July 16 and 17, 2022.

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ArbDossier in conjunction with the ADR Society of the West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences (WBNUJS) is conducting a two-day training session on “Arbitration Agreements” on July 16 and 17, 2022.

Each of the 9 modules in the course will be instructed by a stalwart in the field of international arbitration, and the modules are structured as follows:

• Validity and Requirements of Arbitration Agreements: Mr. Jesus Saracho (International Arbitration Attorney and Arbitrator)
• The doctrine of Separability: Prof. Anthony Daimsis (University of Ottowa)
• Kompetenz-Kompetenz: Dr. Robert Kovacs (Withersworldwide)
• Law Governing Arbitration Agreements: Mr. Julian Ranetunge (King & Spalding)
• Interpretation of Arbitration Agreements: The Hon’ble Mr. Barry Leon (33 Bedford Row, Arbitration Place)
• Enforcement of Arbitration Agreements: Mr. Gautam Bhattacharyya (Reed & Smith)
• Institutional v. Ad-Hoc Arbitration: Ms. Hana Doumal (BVI International Arbitration Centre)
• Analysis of Model Clauses of Different Arbitral Institutions: Ms. Shan Greer (Arbitra International, BVI International Arbitration Centre)
• Drafting of Arbitration Agreements (2 hours): Mr. Enrique Molina (King & Spalding)

REGISTRATION PROCESS

The registration fee is INR 3000 (USD 38). The session has limited spots on a first come first serve basis.

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Ramaiah College of Law is organising the first edition of its National Client Counselling-Negotiation Competition from August 6 to 8, 2022.

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Samyat means to meet together; encounter; agreement; a means of joining or uniting. Samyat 2022 being a pioneer in this format of competition also signifies continuity. Its uniqueness lies in the progression from interviewing a client, to negotiating on their behalf, all in one round.

The idea is to enable participants to comprehensively showcase their prowess in dispute resolution. The format offers a unique approach to various ADR mechanisms, giving teams an opportunity to showcase their talents in both, the client counselling and negotiation aspect of the competition.

THEME

The theme of the competition is commercial law as consulting lawyers and negotiating form a quintessential part of corporate transactions.

TEAM COMPOSITION

1. Each team shall consist of two bona fide students enrolled in 3/5 year undergraduate law programme in a law college/university recognised by the Bar Council of India.
2. The registration will be on a first-come-first-serve basis, up to a maximum of 24 teams. Every institution may register a maximum of two teams.
3. Team members must be of the same institute; cross-teams are NOT allowed.

FORMAT OF THE COMPETITION

Each round consists of two stages:

• Stage 1: Client counselling
• Stage 2: Negotiation

Stage 1

• Each team consisting of two members shall assume the role of advocates/legal counsels and interview the client, who shall be provided by the host college
• Client counselling and negotiation are part of the same round, the substance of the problem will remain the same.
• At the end of Stage 1, Confidential Information (“CI”) pertaining to the problem will be released. The CI shall be specific to each team, depending on whether their client from Stage 1 was the Requesting or the Responding Party
• A duration of 15 minutes will be given to the teams to peruse the CI before the commencement of Stage 2. Teams are to negotiate based on the information/objectives provided to them in the CI, and make strategic use of the same

Stage 2

• Two teams square off against one another in Stage 2, i.e., negotiation, wherein the members of the team assume the roles of client and counsel
• The teams will then be marked cumulatively for their performance in both stages, and shall be ranked accordingly

Rounds

The rounds of the competition are structured as below:

• Two Preliminary Rounds
• Semi-Finals (Top 4)
• Finals

REGISTRATION DETAILKS

• The registration will be on a first-come-first-serve basis, up to a maximum of 24 teams.
• Every institution may register a maximum of two teams.
• A Registration fee of INR 2500/- will be payable.
• Please register through the link given at the end of this post.

PERKS

• Winners: INR 20,000
• Runners-up: INR 12,500
• Best Negotiating Team (Prelims): INR 3,500
• Best Client Counselling team (Prelims): INR 3500

MODE

ONLINE

IMPORTANT DATES

• Last date for Registration: July 31, 2022
• Release of problems and scoring criteria: July 20, 2022
• Last date for seeking clarifications: July 30, 2022
• Release of clarifications: August 1, 2022
• Dates of the Competition: August 6 to 8, 2022

CONTACT DETAILS

adrsoc@msrcl.org

+91 80504 90857

+91 87469 03362

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Shankarrao Chavan Law College is organising the 2nd edition of the Certificate Course on “Law and Alternative Sexualities” on July 21, 2022.

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When gender is looked at from a kaleidoscope it can seem to be extremely diverse where a person has the liberty to be and feel without judgment. The LGBTQIA+ community has seen a struggle from being called a minuscule minority to getting their right of gender identity and expression recognized as inherent to individual dignity.

In order to honor the challenges faced by the community and to discuss possible social and legal interventions, Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Shankarrao Chavan Law College introduced a Certificate Course on” Law and Alternative Sexualities” on February 1, 2022.

SPEAKERS

The course has speakers like:

Prof. Dr. R. Raj Rao; Zainab Patel; Ashok Row Kavi; Senior Lawyer Anand Grover, Bindumadhav Khire; Maya Sharma, Author and activist, Apurva Asrani, National Award Winner Filmmaker, Parmesh Shahni; Manvendra Singh Gohil, the first Prince who came out as Gay, Founder of Lakshay Trust Foundation, Pallavi Pareek- founder and CEO Ungender, Dr. Kanchan Pawar from Mitr Clinic,  Mental health professionals like Dr. Anagha Jog and Dr. Kaustubh Joag; Aruna Desai, Co-founding member of Sweekar Foundation, Mumbai (a support group of the parents of LGBTQ children); Air Cmde. Dr. Sanjay Sharma- founder ATHI, Sylvester Merchant, Kanav Sahgal, Vidhi Legal Policy; Medical professionals from the public health centre.

ELIGIBILITY

Anyone above 18 years is eligible to enroll for the course on a first-come-first-serve basis for 30 limited seats.

DURATION

3 Months consisting of 37 sessions of 2 hours each (2:00 PM to 4:00 PM)

COURSE FEE

1. INR 2,500 for MMSCLC Students
2. INR 3,000 for non-MMSCLC Students

MODE

Hybrid

DEADLINE

July 17, 2022

CONTACT DETAILS

courses@sclc.edu.in

(+91) 7888031802

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Vignan Institute of Law is organizing a National Conference on “Techno-IP Contours in India” on August 13.

ABOUT

Vignan Institute of Law (VIL) has felt a dire need to understand the relationship between protecting Intellectual Property Rights vis-à-vis development in Science & Technology in India.

With an aim to encourage students, academicians, researchers, and IP experts to express their opinions and share their valuable inputs on the subject, VIL has proposed to organize its 1st National Conference entitled “Techno-IP Contours in India” on 13 August 2022 at the campus (physical mode).

ELIGIBILITY

The conference is open to academicians, experts, scholars, students, researchers, practitioners, and anyone interested in the subject.

THEME

Techno-IP contours in India

SUB-THEME

• Creativity and innovation in Science & Technology.
• IPR and innovative entrepreneurs.
• Role of IP in Technology Transfer.
• Factors affecting Innovation and Technological Advancements.
• The Role of IP Regime in fostering Scientific Research & Development.
• National trends in protecting Scientific Patents in India.
• Indian perspective on energy environment and sustainable development
• The social dimensions of Scientific Research & Technological advancements
• Cryptocurrency and IP
• Artificial Intelligence and IP

SUBMISSION GUIDELINES

• The paper should be in Doc./Docx. format.
• The paper must be in a single-column layout with margins justified on both sides.
• The subheading should be in font size 12, bold, and Times New Roman, left-aligned.
• The main text should be in font size 12, Normal, Times New Roman, 1.5 spacing, and justified.
• The length of a paper should be between 3000-6000 words.
• All references must be in the form of footnotes with font size 10, Times New Roman, 1.0 spacing and should be according to the Bluebook 20th Edition.
• The paper should consist of an Abstract of 250-300 words, and a brief profile of the author indicating his/her designation, email ID, contact number, and address.

REGISTRATION FEE

• Research Scholars and Students: INR 500
• Academicians & Professionals: INR 1000

REGISTRATION PROCESS

• Register through the Google form given at the end of the post.
• Submit Abstract to lak_law@vignan.ac.in
• Payment of Conference Fees
• Submission of Full Paper

Note: Registration is compulsory. All participants and paper presenters must register through the link given at the end of this post.

PERKS

All participants will be provided with a participation certificate.

MODE

OFFLINE

LOCATION

Vignan Institute of Law, VFSTR, Vadlamudi, Guntur, AP-522213

IMPORTANT DATES

1. Submission of abstract: July 20, 2022
2. Notification of Acceptance: July 21, 2022
3. Submission of Full paper: August 10, 2022
4. Conference Date: August 13, 2022

CONTACT DETAILS

In case of queries, please contact:

+91 97011 86476

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdEKH-MroZglbeoNbqzwQBf6dXNtVSEnPNASSnrtgteWdXheA/viewform

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About the Clergy & Wisemen

De Jure is Dynamic and so is our Law Practice.

Clergy &Wisemen is a full-service law firm deeply focused on assisting early & growth stage businesses with its precise expertise for advancement in today’s competitive market. C&W provides end-to-end legal solutions for business growth and its stabilization. They are a Full-Service Startup Law Firm having its offices in New Delhi and Gurugram.

About the Internship

C&W is looking for Legal Interns to work with our Startup corporate division and Litigation Division. As a Legal intern, you’ll be working at either of their offices in different roles including but not limited to Corporate Research, Contracts Drafting, and Management, Legal Management, Litigation, etc.

• Tenure: 3-6 months (joining is immediate)

• Year of College: Preferably Final or Second Last year of Law School.

• No. Of Openings: 3 ( one for Contracts Drafting and Management, one for Corporate Research, and one for Litigation and Management.
• Mode: Offline/Physical
• Location:  A11, LGF (Backside), Chittaranjan Park, New Delhi, Delhi

Skills and Responsibilities

Since you’ll be closely working with various teams at Law Firms and will also be Interacting with clients, they require candidates who have:

• Good Communication
• Research
• Drafting
• Management skills
• During the course of this Internship, you’ll be assigned roles where you’ll be directly assisting the Law Firm not only with Legal cases but you’ll be contributing toward sustainable growth.

Perks

• Ideas and Coffee are free-flowing.
• Looking Forward to working with like-minded people.

How to Apply?

APPLY HERE

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About the Firm

“Cholamandal IP”, an Indian law firm with an international perspective, has been operational since 2016. We are based out of Chennai. Cholamandal IP is primarily engaged in Intellectual Property Rights cases and is proficient in dealing with Patent, Trademark, Copyright and Geographical Indicator registration, litigation and enforcement. The firm is also focused on Media Laws, Competition laws and Environmental laws. The firm has a team of determined and experienced attorneys, well-versed with Indian IPR laws.

The firm undertakes all issues relating to IPR law including filing and registration of Patent, Trademarks, Designs, Copyrights, Geographical Indication, Semi-Conductor Integrated Circuits and Layout Design, Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmer’s Rights and other IP tools along with various other issues relating to the protection of the IP rights and counterfeiting measures, drafting Licenses, Assignment, Registered User, Technology Transfer and other Confidential Agreements, issues relating to the IPR protection and the relevant counterfeiting measures, IPR related litigations at various levels, advising on protection and retention of Copyrights, advising on prevention of Piracy and Infringement, conducting legal due diligence, preparation and drafting of all documents/agreements, legislative and regulatory issues and approvals.

About the Internship

Duration: 15th July-15th August 2022

Mode: Online Internship

Eligibility

• Law students in their 4th and 5th year (5-year Program) and in their 3rd year (3-year Program).

Skills and Experience

• Good research and drafting skills.
• Keen interest in IP Laws.

How to Apply?

Interested candidates can send their updated CV to cholamandalip@gmail.com.

Disclaimer: All information posted by us on Lexpeeps is accurate to our knowledge. However, it is advised that you verify and confirm things on your end.

For regular updates, we can catchup at-

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About CLPR

The Centre for Law and Policy Research, Bangalore (CLPR) is a not-for-profit organisation, dedicated to making the Constitution work for everyone through law and policy research, social and governance interventions and strategic litigation.

About the Role

Position: Litigation Associate

Duration: Full time

Location: Bangalore

Responsibilities

• As a Litigator at CLPR, you will be required to work on constitutional law cases relating to their focus areas of gender and caste-based discrimination, disability law and transgender rights.
• Draft writ petitions, appeals, applications and other pleadings.
• Brief and assist senior advocates at CLPR.
• Appear in the High Courts and Supreme Court.
• Carry out research for the cases.

Eligibility

• Undergraduate degree in law and enrolled with the Bar Council.
• Master’s degree in law (preferred).
• Exceptional research, drafting and writing skills.
• 2-3 years of experience in litigation in the High Courts or Supreme Court.

How to Apply?

Interested candidates may send two writing samples, a statement of purpose along with their updated CV to jayna.kothari@clpr.org.in.

Disclaimer: All information posted by us on Lexpeeps is accurate to our knowledge. However, it is advised that you verify and confirm things on your end.

For regular updates, we can catchup at-

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About the Advocate

The London Court of International Arbitration includes Advocate Shubham Awasthi as a member.

About the Responsibilities  

Advocate Shubham Awasthi is inviting applications for the position of legal associate

As an associate you are required to:-

• Legal drafting, writing, court appearances, PIL drafting, legal research, case briefing, and assisting senior associates

Location

Delhi

Openings

1

How to Apply?

Interested candidates may apply from here: – advocateshubhamawasthioffice@gmail.com

Disclaimer: All information posted by us on Lexpeeps is true to our knowledge. But still, it is suggested that you check and confirm things on your level.

For regular updates, we can catchup at-

WhatsApp Group:

https://chat.whatsapp.com/G4bxdgRGHY8GRzOPSHrVwL

Telegram:

https://t.me/lexpeeps

LinkedIn:

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