Leficon Legal Partners has been a long-standing trusted partner for sophisticated global clients and key players in the market in cross-border litigation and investigations. We offer seamless and integrated services worldwide for cross-border disputes and litigation with extensive experience in individual jurisdictions but also a strong understanding of the interplay between different legal systems and regulations. Our qualified and dedicated team of lawyers and company secretaries is focused on resolving high-risk litigation matters and regulatory investigations.
Position
Legal Intern (most preferred last year Law Student)
Eligibility
Students/ Freshers/ Junior Advocates having some experience
Location
In-office Internship, Pune- 411004.
Practising area
1. Corporate Law 2. Commercial Law 3. Financial Law 4. Civil & Criminal 5. Family Matters
How to apply
Interested candidates kindly mail your CV along with SOP/ brief summary in the mail stating how you are interested and appropriate for this post. E-mail- leficonlegalinfo@gmail.com.
Note- Kindly put the subject of the mail as APPLICATION FOR LEGAL INTERN.
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Mahtta & Co. is looking to hire legal associates in Noida & Ludhiana interested in a dynamic role in the field of law with global exposure.
About the Organization
Mahtta and Co. (M&C) is a premier IP-Boutique firm based in India that has forged global relationships and developed international reach through all corners of the world. M&C concentrates exclusively on intellectual property matters. This includes trademark, copyright, patent, industrial design, and litigation service and general advisory on all IP issues.
Preferences
Well-versed in IP laws
Experienced in IP Prosecution & Opposition Procedures
Avid Learner, Good Drafting Skills & Self-motivated
Strong Skillset with Analytical Approach
PQE
1-2 years
Qualification
Bachelor of Law (LL.B)/ Master of Law (LLM)
Location
Noida & Ludhiana
Remuneration
As per industry standards
Application Procedure
Interested candidates may write to hr@mahttaco.in
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Mandla & Singh Law Chambers is a multi-disciplinary Dispute Resolution, Criminal and Civil Litigation firm with dedicated verticals covering White Collar Crimes, Blue Collar Crimes, Company Laws, Property & Land Laws, and Matrimonial Laws, among other fields.
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Sinha & Company, Advocates are looking for Long Term Interns for their Corporate Law team.
About the Organization
A full-service law firm based out of Kolkata, founded in 1993 by Mr Paritosh Sinha (the Advocate-on-Record for the State of West Bengal).
Eligibility
4th year or 5th year of 5-year integrated law program
Department
Corporate law
Internship Duration
Willing to dedicate 6 -8 months
Mode of Internship
Offline/physical, no provision for online mode
Location
Kolkata
Remuneration
Remuneration negotiable
Application Procedure
Send your CV to career@sinhaco.com with the subject “Long-term internship for corporate law” by 15th March 2023.
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VSMCASL was established in 2019 to engage in various ways in shaping the emerging discourse in the field of Air and Space Law. The Centre’s vision is to improve the existing legal and policy framework for the facilitation and regulation of safe, secure, affordable, and sustainable aviation and to contribute to the shaping of a legal foundation for the future of humanity that lies in space. The Centre was established to provide a platform for the students to develop their research skills in the field of Air and Space Law and encourage trans-disciplinary research on issues concerning it.
About the GNLU Air and Space Law Conference
The International Conference aims to provide a platform for deliberations amongst Air and Space Law enthusiasts, thereby contributing to the emerging discourse on the challenges posed to Air and Space Law in the future. The first edition of the Conference was successfully conducted in 2022. Encouraged by the same, VSMCASL is pleased to present the 2nd Edition of GNLU Air and Space Law Conference 2023, to be organised on 8 July 2023.
Important Dates
Last Date for Abstract Submission: Friday, 31 March 2023
Abstract Selection and Intimation – Monday, 10 April 2023.
Last Date for Registration – Saturday, 15 April 2023.
Last Date for Full Paper Submission – Wednesday, 10 May 2023.
Submission Guidelines
Abstract: 300-500 words
Paper: 3000 – 5000 words (excluding references; submission below or above the word limit shall not be considered).
Citation style: OSCOLA. (4th Edition)
Font: Times New Roman; Font size-12; Spacing- 1.5.
A cover page with the title of the Essay, name and affiliation of the author/co-authors shall be attached.
Submit text as a Microsoft Word document (.doc or .docx). Co-authorship is permitted up to a maximum of two authors.
Submissions need to be original.
Plagiarism shall result in disqualification.
Submissions shall be made online only.
Submissions shall be in English.
The topic, once registered, shall not be changed.
Any identification mark (in any form) in the paper shall lead to disqualification.
Multiple or incomplete submissions shall not be considered.
Any manuscript received after the last date shall not be considered.
Sub-themes
Management and regulation of airports
Anti-competitive issues in aviation
Protection of consumer rights in aviation
Aviation financing
Insolvency and Bankruptcy issues in the Aviation industry
Aviation-related crimes and aerial terrorism
Air accidents/incident investigation
Search and rescue Environmental aspects of the aviation industry
Commercial space mining
Space tourism
Space debris
Space communications
Space exploration
Space Insurance Environmental harm due to human activities in space International liability for incidents/accidents in space
National space law and policies
(List of sub-themes is indicative. Accordingly, a research paper on any other area relating to the theme of the Conference may be considered.)
Fees
GNLU Students – INR 590/-
Students – INR 1180/-
Others – INR 1770/-
The registration fee is the same for participation and presentation. The fee mentioned above is exclusive of accommodation and is non-refundable.
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The National Forensic Sciences University, with the status of an Institution of National Importance is the world’s first and only University dedicated to forensic, behavioural, cybersecurity, digital forensics, and allied sciences. It was established by the Parliament of India through Act 32 of 2020 with the objective of training and creating forensic experts for the country and the world.
About School of Law, Forensic Justice and Policy Studies
School of Law, Forensic Justice and Policy Studies is established to impart professional education with a special focus on forensic application in all allied areas of law and policy framework. The school aspires to be the leading provider of forensic justice understanding to all professionals from different areas of governance including justice administration. Through forensic lenses it focuses on crime prevention, crime reduction, crime mapping, and speedy and fair dispensation of justice, thereby contributing to the overall welfare of people. The school ultimately envisions producing sound techno-legal experts who can contribute in all areas of governance
Details about the event
It is a privilege and pride to announce that SLFJPS, NFSU is organizing the 1st National Moot Court Competition 2023 from 24-26th March 2023 at National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar Campus, Gujarat in Physical Mode. The moot court competition promises to present an interesting challenge to the participants across the legal spectrum, as the moot proposition has been drafted to test the teams and their approach to contemporary issues. Since NFSU is the only forensic sciences university, the moot proposition is directed towards the application of forensic sciences.
Important Dates
Last Date for Registration: 13. 03. 2023 11:59 pm.
Last Date of Memorial Soft Copy Submission: 18.03.2023
Submission of Hard Copy (3 Sets from each side): 24.03.2023
Competition Date: 24-26.03.2023
Eligibility Criteria
Any student pursuing law from a recognized institution
Location
National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar
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Arcum Global is a legal management firm specializing in residency planning and global business setups.
Position available
Associate
Location
New Delhi
Qualification
LLB/LLM/CS
Role and Responsibilities
1. Assisting with research & drafting in the sphere of international tax laws and regulations and FEMA 2. Conducting market study and competition mapping for business setups in North America and Europe. 3. Preparation of Research Reports 4. Drafting and reviewing legal documents such as contracts and agreements. 5. Client handling
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Adv. Ratan K. Singh seeks a junior lawyer to join his personal chamber in Greater Kailash-1, New Delhi.
About the Advocate
Mr Ratan K. Singh is a Senior Advocate and Arbitrator based in New Delhi and has 25 years of experience, with specialities in construction, engineering, infrastructure, mining, and general commercial and civil disputes. I have received numerous arbitral appointments as chair and wing arbitrator and have represented parties in complex, high-value domestic and international arbitrations under major arbitration rules.
Position available
Junior Lawyer
Location
Greater Kailash – 1, New Delhi
Preferred qualifications/ qualities:
1. PQE 3-5 years (flexible), having experience in construction disputes. 2. Have strong drafting and briefing skills.
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The Indian Penal Code (IPC)[1] contains several provisions that serve as general exceptions to criminal liability. These provisions exempt certain actions from being considered crimes under certain circumstances.
For example, Section 76[2] provides that acts done by a person who is bound by law to do them are not crimes, while Section 80 provides that an act done in good faith for the benefit of a person without their consent is not a crime if it would otherwise have been so. Section 81 provides that an act done by several persons to further a common intention is not a crime if done in good faith for the advancement of religion, science, literature, or fine arts. The general exceptions under IPC are meant to provide a reasonable balance between the protection of individual rights and the public interest.
Judicial and Executive acts: A General Exception under IPC
Section 197 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) provides a general exception for acts performed by a public servant in the discharge of his official duties, or by any person acting under the direction of a public servant if such act is done in good faith. This means that criminal proceedings cannot be initiated against such individuals unless prior sanction is obtained from the appropriate authority. This provision is intended to protect public servants from baseless lawsuits and ensure that they are able to perform their duties without fear of legal harassment.
Judicial acts as an exception
The judicial act exception under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) is a provision in Section 197 of the code that exempts public servants and persons acting under the direction of a public servant from criminal liability for acts performed in good faith in the discharge of their official duties. This provision applies to acts performed by judges, magistrates, and other public servants in the course of their official duties and provides immunity from criminal prosecution for actions taken in good faith in the performance of such duties. The purpose of this exception is to ensure that public servants are able to perform their duties without fear of being sued for criminal offences and to prevent frivolous or malicious lawsuits from being filed against them. However, prior sanction from the appropriate authority is required before criminal proceedings can be initiated against a public servant under this exception.
Case Laws that give us a vivid idea regarding the prevailing exceptions
There are several case laws that have interpreted and applied the judicial act exception under Section 197 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). Some of the notable cases include:
R. Rajagopal v. State of Tamil Nadu[3]: In this case, the Supreme Court of India held that the judicial act exception under Section 197 of the IPC applies only to acts performed in the exercise of judicial or quasi-judicial powers and does not extend to acts performed in an administrative capacity.
State of Maharashtra v. Narayan Dattatraya Apar[4]: In this case, the Supreme Court held that the judicial act exception under Section 197 of the IPC applies only to acts performed by public servants in good faith and within the scope of their official duties and not to acts of omission or commission that are mala fide or beyond the scope of their official duties.
K.R. Lakshmanan v. State of Tamil Nadu[5]: This case dealt with the issue of whether the prior sanction was required before a public servant could be prosecuted for an act performed in the discharge of his official duties. The Supreme Court held that prior sanction was required before the prosecution could be initiated against a public servant under the judicial act exception in Section 197 of the IPC.
These cases provide guidance on the scope and application of the judicial act exception under Section 197 of the IPC and have helped to clarify the rights and obligations of public servants in the performance of their official duties.
Executive acts as a general exception and what makes it different from judicial acts
The executive act exception under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) is a provision in Section 197 of the code that exempts public servants and persons acting under the direction of a public servant from criminal liability for acts performed in good faith in the discharge of their official duties. This provision applies to acts performed by executive officials, such as government employees and officers, in the course of their official duties and provides immunity from criminal prosecution for actions taken in good faith in the performance of such duties. The purpose of this exception is to ensure that public servants are able to perform their duties without fear of being sued for criminal offences and to prevent frivolous or malicious lawsuits from being filed against them. However, prior sanction from the appropriate authority is required before criminal proceedings can be initiated against a public servant under this exception.
Analysis regarding the judicial and executive acts
The judicial act exception under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) serves an important role in protecting public servants, including judges and magistrates, from frivolous or malicious lawsuits arising from actions taken in good faith in the discharge of their official duties. This exception helps to ensure that public servants can carry out their duties without fear of legal harassment, which is essential for the effective functioning of the justice system.
However, the scope and application of the judicial act exception under Section 197 of the IPC have been the subject of debate and legal interpretation in several cases. Some critics argue that this exception provides too much protection for public servants, allowing them to escape accountability for actions that may have been taken in bad faith or outside the scope of their official duties.
Issues
The scope and application of the judicial act exception under Section 197[6] of the IPC have been the subject of legal interpretation in several cases, with some critics arguing that this exception provides too much protection for public servants and allows them to escape accountability for actions taken in bad faith or outside the scope of their official duties.
For example, the Supreme Court of India has held that the judicial act exception under Section 197 of the IPC applies only to acts performed by a judge in the exercise of judicial or quasi-judicial functions, and does not cover acts performed in administrative or executive capacities. This interpretation helps to ensure that public servants are not immune from prosecution for acts taken in bad faith or outside the scope of their official duties.
Another issue with the judicial act exception under Section 197[7] of the IPC is that it requires prior sanction from the appropriate authority before criminal proceedings can be initiated against a public servant. In some cases, this requirement has been criticized for being too burdensome, as it can result in delays in prosecuting public servants for criminal offences.
Suggestions regarding the judicial and executive act exceptions of IPC
One suggestion to address these concerns could be to clarify the definition of “good faith” under Section 197 of the IPC so that it better captures the essence of what constitutes an act performed in good faith. This could help to ensure that public servants are not immune from prosecution for acts of bad faith or malicious intent.
Another suggestion could be to provide a mechanism for the review of decisions regarding prior sanction for prosecution under Section 197 of the IPC so that individuals who believe that they have been wrongly denied the right to prosecute a public servant can have their case heard and reviewed.
Overall, it is important to strike a balance between protecting public servants from baseless lawsuits and ensuring accountability for actions taken in bad faith or outside the scope of their official duties. A careful review and re-evaluation of the judicial act exception under Section 197 of the IPC, along with the suggestions outlined above, could help to achieve this balance.
Importance and need in the present scenario
The judicial and executive act exceptions under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) serve an important function in protecting public servants from baseless or malicious lawsuits arising from actions taken in good faith in the discharge of their official duties. These exceptions ensure that public servants can perform their duties without fear of legal harassment, which is essential for the effective functioning of the justice system and the administration of government.
However, the scope and application of these exceptions have been the subject of debate and legal interpretation in several cases, with some critics arguing that they provide too much protection for public servants and allow them to escape accountability for actions taken in bad faith or outside the scope of their official duties.
To address these concerns, suggestions have been made to clarify the definition of “good faith” under Section 197 of the IPC and to provide for a mechanism for review of decisions regarding prior sanction for prosecution. A careful review and re-evaluation of the judicial and executive act exceptions under Section 197 of the IPC could help to strike a balance between protecting public servants from baseless lawsuits and ensuring accountability for actions taken in bad faith or outside the scope of their official duties.
Conclusion
In summary, the judicial and executive act exceptions under the IPC play a crucial role in the functioning of the justice system and the administration of government, but it is essential to ensure that they are applied in a manner that balances the protection of public servants and the need for accountability. The judicial act exception under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) is an important provision that provides immunity from criminal prosecution for public servants, including judges and magistrates, for acts performed in good faith in the discharge of their official duties. This exception is intended to protect public servants from frivolous or malicious lawsuits, which could have a chilling effect on the administration of justice.
To address these concerns, some have suggested that the definition of “good faith” under Section 197 of the IPC be clarified so that it better captures the essence of what constitutes an act performed in good faith. Additionally, a mechanism for review of decisions regarding prior sanction for the prosecution could be established, to ensure that individuals who believe that they have been wrongly denied the right to prosecute a public servant have their case heard and reviewed.
In conclusion, while the judicial act exception under the IPC serves an important function in protecting public servants from baseless or malicious lawsuits, it is important to ensure that it is applied in a manner that balances the protection of public servants and the need for accountability. A careful review and re-evaluation of the judicial act exception under Section 197 of the IPC, along with appropriate reforms and clarifications, could help to achieve this balance.
Endnotes:
Indian Penal Code, 1860, Act no. 45 of 1860
Indian Penal Code, 1860, Sec. 76, Act no. 45 of 1860
R. Rajagopal v. State of Tamil Nadu, 1994 SCC (6) 632
State of Maharashtra v. Narayan Dattatraya Apar, (1981) 83 BOMLR 553
K.R. Lakshmanan v. State of Tamil Nadu, 1996 SCC (2) 226
Indian Penal Code, 1860, Sec. 197, Act no. 45 of 1860
Ibid
This article is written by Prashant Prasad, a second-year law student from University Law College.
AMLEGALS is a multi disciplinary & strategy driven full Service Law Firm. Their areas of practice include, GST/VAT- advisory & litigation, Arbitration-Domestic & International, M&A and IPO – Due Diligence among others. They operate in 14 cities in India and abroad with various Associates and/or Affiliates. They are present in Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Dubai, Gurgaon, Kolkata and Mumbai through our own offices and affiliate associates throughout India, and almost 50 Advocates, Consultants & Paralegal to cater the legal requirements.
RESPONSIBILITIES
Assisting in all new as well as existing cases of the firm
Assisting in all litigation as well as non-litigation work in every manner including case preparations, drafting, filing, hearing preparation, Court appearances, meeting the clients’ requirement, etc.
Drafting and assisting in White Papers and Content Creation for the Firm on a daily basis.
Maintaining a report of ongoing cases and updating clients on case progress.
The candidate should be well versed with the nuances of drafting and research and should have prior experience in litigation, advisory and contract drafting / vetting.
The candidate should be capable of working independently as well as within a team while yielding good results.
The candidate should be confident, dynamic, and should possess good oratory and analytical skills.
The candidate should have the ability to set priorities and work efficiently in a timeline-oriented environment.
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